Increased levels of facial sebum secretion were observed in patients with acne. Our findings indicate that increased sebum levels do not directly cause development of acne lesions.

Our results indicate that striae distensae are a common skin condition that occurs early in puberty regardless of gender, and that they have a different anatomical distribution and relationship with body measurements in each gender.

SUMMARY Information was collected at birth and at 5 and 10 years of age on the national cohort of children born in one week of April 1970 (the Child Health and Education Study). For 11 465 children, information on wheezing attacks before 5 years was compared with reports of wheezing occurring in the 12 months before the interview at 10 years.Of 2345 children who had had at least one wheezing attack before their fifth birthday, 80% (1869) were free of wheeze at 10 years; only 8% of children who had just one wheezing attack by 5 years wheezed in their 10th year. The more attacks the child had had by the age of 5 the higher the risk of continuing to wheeze at the age of 10, but there were no major differences in prognosis according to the age of the first attack. Half of the children who had been labelled asthmatic at the age of 5 were wheezing at the age of 10 compared with an eighth of those with wheezing not so labelled. There was little evidence to suggest that the prognosis of wheezing with bronchitis was markedly different from that of children with other episodes of wheezing provided they were not said to be asthmatic. A longer follow up is necessary to ascertain whether remission at the age of 10 is followed by relapse later.Asthma in childhood is one of the commonest disorders to cause both acute and prolonged morbidity. Children labelled asthmatic constitute only a proportion of those with wheezing attacks. Data from the 1970 British National Cohort Study indicated that by the age of 5 years 21% of all children had had at least one episode of wheezing on the chest and by 10 years 27% had had such a history.'For the parents to understand the condition and for the physician to assess the value of his treatment,2 knowledge of the natural history of childhood asthma is essential.Blair followed two groups of asthmatic children prospectively for over 20 years, by which time 52% of both groups had stopped wheezing.3 The final prognosis was influenced by the severity of the asthma at onset but not by the age at onset or the results of skin tests. Other series disagree and imply that age of onset is the best determinant of severity.4The present paper addresses the problem of predicting whether children who wheeze in the first five years of life will still be wheezing at the age of 10.

BackgroundIn chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, hyperuricemia is a common finding and might be one of modifiable risk factors for renal progression. However, dosing adjustments and increased risk of serious side effects of uric acid lowering agents in patients with reduced renal function lead to undercorrection of hyperuricemia, especially in patients with advanced CKD. Febuxostat is highly effective and well-tolerated to treat hyperuricemia in CKD patients. Although several evidences demonstrated the usefulness of febuxostat in hyperuricemic CKD patients, clinical studies aimed at the CKD patients with inappropriately controlled hyperuricemia by allopurinol have been relatively lacking.ObjectivesThe study objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of febuxostat in patients, who had CKD with severe renal impairment and did not meet with the target uric acid levels using allopurinol.MethodsData were collected from 168 patients who had CKD with more than stage 3b and changed from allopurinol to febuxostat due to uncontrolled hyperuricemia between 2005 and 2014 at Yonsei University Medical Center. Uric acid and creatinine were analyzed at baseline and during the first 6 and 12 months after conversion of febuxostat. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the formula of MDRD equation. The patients were defined as a well-controlled state when the uric acid values of the study subjects reached within 6.0 mg/dL.ResultsThe mean age was 60.7±14.6 years, and 129 patients (76.8%) were male. The number of patients was 25 (14.9%) in CKD stage 3b, 75 (44.6%) in stage 4, 8 (4.8%) in stage 5, 38 (22.8%) in patients treated with maintenance dialysis, 22 (13.1%) in patients underwent kidney transplantation. The mean estimated GFR (eGFR) and uric acid levels at baseline was 23.1±17.3 ml/min/1.73m2 and 8.3±2.4 mg/dL, respectively. Most of the patients was treated with 40 or 80mg of febuxostat during the study period. The mean uric acid levels at 6- and 12-month after febuxostat treatment were significantly reduced compared to uric acid levels at baseline (5.2±2.1 mg/dL at 6-month and 4.9±2.2 mg/dL at 12-month, p<0.001, respectively). More than 70% of study subjects reached to the target of uric acid levels less than 6mg/dL at 6- and 12-months after treatment of febuxostat [122 (72.6%) patients at 6-month and 133 (79.2%) patients]. The creatinine levels at baseline and 6-month were comparable (3.42±2.03 vs. 3.38±2.16 mg/dL at baseline and 6-month, p=0.61), meanwhile, the creatinine levels were significantly increased after 12-month compared to those at baseline (3.69±2.46 mg/dL, p<0.01). Abnormality of liver function test was observed in only one patient during the follow up period. None of the patients did not discontinue drug due to adverse events.ConclusionsPresent study demonstrated that substantial hyperuricemic CKD patients treated with febuxostat were achieved the target of uric acid levels without adverse events. Febuxostat is an effective and safe uric acid lowering drug in allopurinol-intolerant p...