Post-partum clinical presentation with seizures and focal neurological deficit has a wide differential diagnosis. Two cases of the rare condition Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) associated with pregnancy are presented with complete recovery following multidisciplinary care. One of the cases was associated with Factor VII deficiency in pregnancy and the other with twin gestation and psoas abcess.

Background: West Syndrome (WS) consists of epileptic spasms, hypsarrhythmia on EEG and psychomotor delay or regression in children. Objective: To observe the clinical and laboratory profiles of children with west syndrome. Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional study and done from July 2017 to June 2018 in Pediatric Neurology OPD, NINS among total 50 cases of WS (age of > 2 month to 2 years). WS was diagnosed by direct observation or video recording of spasm, along with history of developmental delay or regression and EEG change. Collected data regarding demography, detailed of spasm, clinical examination, radiological and EEG findings were analyzed. Results: Mean age of the patients was 12.61 ± 7.11 months. Males (58.0%) were predominant than females (42.0%). Mean age of onset of spasm was 5.88 ± 3.73 months. Type of spasm: Flexor in 88.0% cases, extensor in 6.0% cases, mixed in 4.0% and asymmetric in 2.0%. Microcephaly was present in 90.0% cases and in 64% cases H/o perinatal asphyxia (PNA) was present. In EEG, Hypsarrhythmia was found in 62.0% cases and modified hypsarrhythmia in 38.0% cases. In CT scan of brain, cerebral atrophy was found in 62.5.0% cases, stroke in 6.0% cases. Out of all WS patients 82% were symptomatic and 18% were either cryptogenic or idiopathic. Conclusion: Flexor type spasm was found more commonly in West syndrome. History of perinatal asphyxia (PNA) was present in majority of cases. In EEG findings, hypsarrhythmia was found more than modified hypsarrhythmia. Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (3) :139-142

Background: Depressive illness is present among Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the influencing factors of development of depressive illness among Parkinson’s disease patients. Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2009 to June 2011 for a period of two (2) years. Parkinson’s disease patients who were attended at the movement disorder clinic and general OPD of Department of Neurology and in-patient department of Neurology at BSMMU, Dhaka were selected as study population. Patients with Parkinson’s plus syndrome, with dementia or other causes of parkinsonism like vascular or drug induced parkinsonism were excluded from this study. Data were collected by filling structured clinical questionnaire, then filling up of ‘structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders’ (SCID-CV) and self-reported ‘Depression scale` questionnaire. Parkinson disease was diagnosed by neurologist by the presence of two or more of the four cardinal criteria namely tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Then patients were screened for depression by a psychiatrist of Department of Psychiatry at BSMMU, Dhaka. Result: A total of 100 Parkinson’s disease patients were interviewed and 80 patients ultimately participated in the study. The mean age of total Parkinson’s disease patients was 57.71±12.36 years ranging from 35 to 82 years with highest percentage (35%) had age group 65 years or above, 28.7% in 55 to 64 years, 22.5% in 45 to 54 years and lowest percentage (13.8%) in age group less than 45 years. Among 80 Parkinson’s disease patients, depression was present in 34 (42%) patients and was absent in 46 (58%) patients. Diabetes mellitus (p=0.125), hypertension (p=0.097), hypothyroidism (p=1.000), other illness (p=0.595), family history of PD (p=0.758) and levodopa use (p=0.661) were not significantly associated with the development of depressive illness in Parkinson’s disease. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), hypothyroidism, other illness, family history of PD and levodopa use do not significantly influence in the development of depressive illness among the Parkinson’s disease. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(2): 106-110

Japanese B Encephalitis is a viral disease, which presents with multiple findings in brain. Uremic encephalopathy is also a known cause of multiple signal changes in brain. We present a case of a 30 yr male patient who was having Japanese encephalitis and was also having acute renal problems leading to uremic encephalopathy. The patient did not have any renal problem before. Diagnosis was confirmed by CSF examination for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) by RT-PCR, which was positive, and renal function test. To our knowledge, MR imaging findings of encephalopathy in same patient caused by Japanese B and hyperuremia have not been reported. Possibility of Renal failure may be a complication of sequelae of Japanese B encephalitis.

Background: Eclampsia is a complex hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting multiple systems. Central nervous system is commonly affected and is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in women. Various neurological complications are found in eclamptic patients. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the various CNS complications related to eclampsia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in the ‘Eclampsia ward’ of Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), during the period of November, 2010 to October, 2011 in patients admitted with a history of eclampsia. Fifty(50) patients were included in this study. Data was collected by a semistructured questionnaire. The patients were interviewed and a complete clinical examination was performed by the investigator. It was reviewed by a consultant neurologist. Results & conclusion: The results revealed that patients had headache, comatose state, stroke, focal neurological deficit, post partum psychosis, aphasia and cortical blindness. Death occurred in 6.0% of patients. As eclampsia is the third major cause of pregnancy related maternal death in Bangladesh (16%), and no study has yet not been reported in this field, this study might help in formulating management plan; predict prognosis and functional recovery in the individual cases. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2014; Vol. 30 (1): 11-15