Purpose:
To study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) in patients with POAG and NTG. The secondary objective was to identify other contributory ischemic factors.
Methods:
This was an observational cross-sectional study from a tertiary eye hospital in patients who underwent full-day diurnal variation of tension (DVT). Blood pressure (BP) and IOP measurements were done every 3 h over 24 h. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and MOPP were calculated. The nocturnal dip in BP was assessed; patients were classified as non-dippers, dippers, and over-dippers. The circadian MOPP fluctuation (CMF) was calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and its relationship with type and severity of visual field was assessed.
Results:
In total, 149 patients were evaluated; 109 were classified as NTG, and 40 were classified as POAG. A nocturnal dip in BP was noted in 20% of NTG and 17.5% of POAG. The MAP was found to be lower in patients with NTG than POAG. In the NTG subgroup, we found that 20% of patients were over-dippers, 32% were dippers, and 48% were non-dippers. The CMF showed a greater fluctuation for over-dippers (P = 0.004 for the RE and 0.003 for the LE) than dippers and non-dippers. A weak positive correlation of CMF with the severity of fields was found.
Conclusion:
A 24-h monitoring of IOP, BP, MOPP, and assessment of systemic risk factors for primary glaucoma acts as an invaluable tool for the comprehensive management of NTG despite the limitations posed by DVT and BP recording.
Objective: To comparatively evaluate ICU requirement, length of stay and mortality between single dose vaccinated and non-vaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Design: Retrospective, observational study from 1st April 2021 till 30th June 2021 carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Western Indian region.
Results: Of the 569 patients enrolled in the study based on the eligibility criteria, 137 (24.08%) patients had received a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine while 432 (75.92%) patients had not received any form of vaccination. Overall length of stay in the hospital was similar for both groups however a significant difference was seen in length of stay in ward and ICU. Vaccinated patients were admitted for 6.21 ± 3.204 days in the ward while non-vaccinated patients were admitted for 5.56 ± 4.55 days (p<0.001). ICU stay of the 21 vaccinated patients was a mean length of 4.47 ± 2.3 days while for the 145 non-vaccinated patients was 6.29 ± 2.19 days (p<0.001). Mortality was observed in 4 patients in the vaccinated group and 95 patients in the non-vaccinated group.
Conclusion: A single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination compared with no vaccination was associated with a significantly lower severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Background: Primary open angle glaucoma has been characterized by its adult onset, IOP >21mmHg at some point in the course of the disease, open angles on gonioscopy, glaucomatous visual field changes and glaucomatous optic nerve damage. POAG is a multi-factorial disease such as age, black race, positive family history, high myopia etc. Diabetes mellitus has also been considered as one of the risk factors, but no major study has been conducted to provide tangible proof.Methods: This cross sectional, case control study was conducted to determine whether diabetes stands as a risk factor in development of glaucoma. The selected patients were divided into 3 groups based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were subjected to complete ocular examination including gonioscopy and perimetry.Results: The 16 patients from 50 of the diabetic group (28%) were found to have POAG. The p value was <0.005 which was statistically significant. Also, no correlation was found between blood sugar and IOP levels in these patients.Conclusions: These data show a significant correlation between diabetes and glaucoma. Further studies are warranted to determine its actual role in pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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