Atherosclerosis is one of the most prevalent reasons for premature death in adults. Despite the several conventional drugs in the market; many patients are not completely treated. Here we comprehensively review current clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of dietary polyphenols in atherosclerosis and related complications. PubMed, Cochrane library and Scopus were searched from inception until August 2016 to obtain clinical trials in which polyphenols were evaluated in cardiovascular parameters related to atherosclerosis. From total of 13031 results, 49 clinical trials were finally included. Tyrosol derivatives from virgin olive oil, catechins and theaflavins from green and black tea, cocoa polyphenols, and red grape resveratrol, as well as anthocyanins were the most studied polyphenolic compounds which could regulate lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress, blood pressure, endothelial function, and cell adhesion molecules. The most important limitations of the included trials were small sample size, short follow up, and unqualified methodology. Future well-designed clinical trials are necessary to provide better level of evidence for clinical decision making.
Background: Oxidative stress and GSH-dependent antioxidant system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Objective: We compared glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in serum and follicular fluid (FF) of the first-retrieved follicle and their impact on quality of oocyte and embryo in PCOS women undergoing IVF.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 pairs of blood samples and FF of the first-retrieved follicle from PCOS women, at the Infertility center of Ghadir Mother and Child Hospital. The mean activity of GPx and GR, also GSH levels in the serum and FF were compared to the quality of the first follicle and resultant embryo.
Results: Retrieved oocytes included 53 (66.25%) MII, 17 (21.25%) MI, and 10 (12.5%) germinal vesicles; after IVF 42 (52.50%) embryos with grade I and 11 (13.75%) with grade II were produced. The mean values for all three antioxidants were higher in the FF compared to serum (p < 0.001). Also all of the mean measured levels were significantly higher in the FF of the MII oocytes compared to that of oocytes with lower grades (p = 0.012, 0.006 and 0.012, respectively). The mean GPX activity and GSH levels were significantly higher in the serum (p = 0.016 and 0.012, respectively) and FF (p = 0.001 for both) of the high-quality grade I embryos.
Conclusion: GSH-dependent antioxidant system functions more efficiently in the FF of oocytes and embryos with higher quality.
Key words: In vitro fertilization, Glutathione, Antioxidant, Oocyte, Embryo.
Background: Stylohyoid ligament ossification is a complication that is repeatedly and accidentally observed on panoramic radiographs and may be the cause of some symptoms. Accordingly, awareness of this incidence enables the clinicians in the accurate diagnosis of head and neck pains while avoiding unneeded therapy. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The number of samples was 196 people who referred to an oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Ilam in 2020. Information was completed by a checklist which consisted of two parts, including a questionnaire (age, gender, history of maxillofacial trauma, history of maxillofacial surgery, and pregnancy) and a second part (including the ossification of the stylohyoid complex, its length, involved side, and the process category according to Langlais classification). Differences between the groups were compared by Student’s t test, Welch’s t test, or chi-square test (P<0.05). Results: The results revealed the influence of age on the calcification and elongation patterns of the styloid process while no significant association was found between gender and elongation and calcification patterns. The ossification of the stylohyoid complex was unilateral and bilateral in 24 (40.6%) and 35)59.3%) patients. Finally, the ossification of the stylohyoid complex was bilateral in 17 patients (48.6%) aged 40-59 years. Conclusions: The evaluation of stylohyoid complex patterns using panoramic radiography is essential, especially in patients with related symptoms. Further studies are needed to completely understand the underlying mechanism of the ossification of the styloid process and to assess different types of the styloid process and the relation between them in patients.
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