Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease
that
requires anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, and tissue protectors.
To deal with this disease, the pain and inflammation should be relieved
in the first stage, and tissue protectors should be used to restore
joint damage that limits movement. Therefore, a comprehensive multifunctional
core–shell nanocomposite (TFH@TA/AuNPs-HDA) with a continuous
anti-inflammatory effect and a special tissue protection potential
in the core was designed. Here, the hydrothermal reaction was applied
to synthesize the hydrogel core from tragacanth and frankincense gums;
then, the shell was self-assembled with tannic acid/gold nanoparticles
(TA/AuNPs) and 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA). The biocompatibility,
anti-inflammatory properties, and tissue protective effect of TFH@TA/AuNPs-HDA
were investigated on RAW264.7 cells and in collagen-induced RA rat
models. Moreover, the molecular docking demonstrated the interactions
of 10-HDA and AuNPs with NF-κB signaling pathway proteins, confirming
the anti-inflammatory effect of 10-HDA and AuNP suppression of the
NF-κB pathway. The results revealed that TFH@TA/AuNPs-HDA could
be an appropriate system for RA therapy due to the synergistic alleviation
of inflammation and joint tissue destruction.
Inflammation is the main complicating factor of chronic autoimmune diseases. Therefore, attenuating inflammation has a vital role in the treatment of these diseases. Biocompatibility and effective functions of ruthenium(III) complexes were previously confirmed, especially for cancer treatment. In the current study, a ruthenium(III) complex with deprotonated indigo ligands, Ru(HIndig) 3 , was synthesized and then loaded on the salep hydrogel (SAH) to obtain a natural anti-inflammatory nanocomposite (SAH-Ru(HIndig) 3 ). The SAH-Ru(HIndig) 3 nanocomposite was entirely characterized by spectroscopy methods, electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetry. The mean size of semispherical particles of SAH-Ru(HIndig) 3 was found to be about 184 ± 65 nm. The in vitro behaviors, including swelling capacity, degradation rate, free radical scavenging capability, and release profile of SAH-Ru(HIndig) 3 , were also evaluated. In addition, the biocompatibility and the effect of the nanocomposite on cell migration were examined in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the nanocomposite against the cellular model of inflammation was investigated by determining inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNA levels. Consequently, the results revealed that SAH-Ru(HIndig) 3 effectively ameliorates inflammation and potentially affects cell migration. Hence, SAH-Ru(HIndig) 3 could be used to treat inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
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