Background: The tablet formulation of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r; Kaletra ® ) has many advantages over the soft gel capsule (SGC) formulation, including lower pill count, no refrigeration requirement, and no dietary restrictions. These advantages may help improve patient compliance and therefore increase adherence to treatment. However, there are limited data regarding patient preferences and only recently was the comparative efficacy and tolerability data of LPV/r SGC versus tablet formulation presented at an international conference. To address this deficit, we conducted a market research survey to assess potential tolerability benefits, patient satisfaction, changes in adherence, and formulation preference in patients switching from SGCs to the tablet formulation. Data from 332 patients who switched from LPV/r SGCs twice-daily (BID) to tablets BID and 41 patients who switched from LPV/r SGCs BID or once daily (QD) to tablets QD were analyzed.

In the process of evolution the jaw has become smaller, allowing less room for the 3^rd molars and causing numerous dental problems. Research now indicates that in many of cases there is complete agenesis of 3^rd molars which may be because of environmental influence on human evolutionary process. An objective of this study is to asses genesis and impaction of 3^rd molar in adolescents of Ahmedabad city. This study was done in 100 adolescents (age 15-19 years) of Ahmedabad city during January 2013 to July 2013. Genesis or agenesis and impaction of 3^rd molar was confirmed by Orthopantomogram (OPG) and data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test in GraphPad Prism software (6.0.3). Out of 100 adolescents, 66 have presence of tooth-buds of all four 3^rd molars, while in 23 cases OPG shows absence of tooth-bud (agenesis) of one of the four 3^rd molars, in 6 cases tooth-buds of two out of the four 3^rd molar were absent, in 3 cases tooth-buds of three out of four were found to be absent and in 2 cases all the four 3^rd molar tooth-buds were absent. Gender difference was not significant. Different pattern of impaction was found in 38 subjects. Agenesis & impaction of 3^rd molar may be a part of evolutionary process which has undergone because of changes in food habits from coarse abrasive diet to soft western diet.

Background: Hypertension is most commonly documented modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of data proposes an appreciated pathogenic role of an elevated serum uric acid in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased oxidative stress could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Oxidative stress marker, serum uric acid (SUA) and serum malondialdyhyde level (S. MDA) are affected by both genetic and environmental factors and related to biological factors as gender, age and body mass. So, the aim of the study is to access the association of body mass index (BMI) with oxidative stress parameters in essential hypertension (EHT).Methods: For the said purpose, this case control study was carried out on a total of 200, age and sex matched 75 hypertensives, 75 prehypertensive and 50 healthy subjects. After diagnosis of cases, SUA was estimated by standard kit method and S. MDA was estimated manually by Buege and Aust method.Results: This study represents that systolic and diastolic blood pressure were increased with increased BMI in all groups. Oxidative stress marker, SUA and S. MDA level increased significantly with increasing BMI in all groups and were positively correlated.Conclusions: Our study indicates that monitoring of the blood pressure, SUA and S. MDA at regular interval and maintaining of the oxidative balance would be helpful in preventing the development of hypertension and associated cardio-vascular morbidities.

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According to WHO estimates, 16.7 million people around the globe die of cardiovascular disease each year. Economic transition, urbanization, industrialization and globalization bring about life style changes that promote heart disease. High blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity are likely to become more prevalent in developing countries. Increased energy intake and sedentary lifestyle are also responsible for heart disease. The presence of one or more cardiovascular risk factors like high levels of TC, LDL, TG, glucose, insulin, BMI and a decreased HDL have been found to increase the progression of prehypertension to hypertension. Prehypertension increases the risk of MI and CAD. The present study was   undertaken to know serum lipid profile changes in reproductive and postmenopausal women. Total 60 Subjects of age group 20-45years (reproductive), 46-60years (postmenopausal) female volunteered for our study. During the study period, BMI, Lipid profile, parameters were recorded in all the subjects. In BMI, TC, LDL, VLDL, TG, is gradually increased, HDL is gradually decreased from reproductive age women to post menopausal women. Dyslipidemia occurs due to multifactorial reasons like physical activity, life style, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, ethnicity and genetic makeup. Post-menopausal women are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease due to change in the lipid pattern and loss of cardioprotective effect of estrogen. Predicting the factors affecting the lipid profile in post-menopausal women, adopting strategies to control these mechanisms by modifying the relative risk factors during menopausal transition may improve the cardiovascular risk profile in these women. Keyword:  Lipid profile, Menopause, Reproductive age group.