The present study aims in developing an alternative energy solution for compression ignition engine with mixed bio oils from Jatropha and Pongamia (Karanja) vegetable. The high viscosity of the oil was reduced by preheating and transesterification process. The properties of the oil namely viscosity, density, calorific value and flash point were evaluated. The exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine were examined using 3 hole (3H) and 4 hole (4H) nozzle with 80:20 diesel and biodiesel ratio. The 3H nozzle exhibits the optimum emission levels as per the Indian norms. At no load condition, both 3H and 4H have the emission with same NO X composition while 4H produces more CO 2 and least CO and HC. As the load increases the NO X gases emission increases wherein 4H produces more NO X gas than 3H nozzle. CO gas stabilized to 0.01% from the load of 2 kg itself for 4H whilst the 3H nozzle stabilized on 8 kg.
Fossil fuel depletion, increasing demands of energy, and harmful emission production led to do research on biofuels. In this research, biodiesel is developed by blending of Jatropha and Pongamia oil with the help of magnetic stirrer-assisted transesterification process. Heterogeneous copper-doped titanium oxide catalyst was synthesized by wet impregnation method. The developed catalyst is characterized through XRD and HRTEM analyses and used to enrich the biodiesel yield and fuel properties, viz., viscosity, flashpoint, and fire point. The maximum yield of 90.2% is obtained with catalyst concentration of 3 wt%, reaction time of 3 hrs, temperature of 60°C, and methanol to oil molar ratio of 20 : 1.
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