The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) plays a significant role in defining the air-quality index of an environment. It determines the environmental capacity for the diffusion of atmospheric pollutants. The air-quality in a designated area is influenced by the local air pollution as well as the transported pollutants from remote locations. Estimation of mixing-height helps to determine the volume space in which the emitted pollutants are dispersed. The continuous and effective monitoring of mixing-height in real-time is a major concern for the research community. Sonic Detection and Ranging (sodar) is crucial for real-time and continuous determination of mixing-height. This paper proposes a novel Sodar-based meteorological sensor network (SMSN) with the Internet of Things (IoT) capability. In the SMSN, the temperature, relative humidity, and wind sensors are integrated with sodar and deployed to seven locations in Northern India. The sensors with IoT work as sensor nodes and provide accessibility to users for air-quality monitoring in real-time. The IoT-enabled SMSN displayed impressive standard uncertainty for data packet losses across all the sites and parameters. Additionally, correlation analysis is performed between the SMSN parameters and key air-pollutants of each sensor node. The correlation analysis shows good relevance between the regional parameters and Delhi's parameters. The integration of IoT with sodar and meteorological parameters is important for improving the overall decision-making and planning of Delhi's air quality.
The Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) instrument is widely used for measuring the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL). SODAR operates on an acoustic principle and creates an ABL structure using air-backscattered signals. These signals have extremely low amplitude and are highly susceptible to environmental noise. In this paper, a novel signal conditioning circuit with high gain, low noise, and high quality factor Q has been designed for the preamplifier of SODAR. This signal conditioning circuit is comprised of an ultra-low noise amplifier and a dual-amplifier band-pass filter. The designed preamplifier circuit is implemented with SODAR at the CSIR-National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi. The electrical characteristics of the proposed system are compared to the existing design of a single low-noise amplifier and state variable filter. The gain and signal-to-noise ratio performance of the designed preamplifier circuit are significantly improved in comparison to the existing one.
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