Objective Psychosocial health predicts physical health outcomes in both clinical samples and the general population. One mechanism is through relationships with health behaviors. Results might differ based on sociodemographic characteristics such as education, income, ethnicity, and immigrant status. Our objective was to analyze sociodemographic differences in relationships between psychosocial health measures and health behaviors in the general population of Canadian adults. Methods We analyzed relationships between non-specific psychological distress, assessed using the Kessler-10 scale, and five key health behaviors: fruit and vegetable intake, screen sedentary behavior, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and cigarette use. Data were collected by Statistics Canada for the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2011–2014. Our sample included 54,789 participants representative of 14,555,346 Canadian adults. We used univariate general linear models on the weighted sample to analyze relationships between distress (predictor) and each health behavior, controlling for age. We entered sex and one of four sociodemographic variable of interest (education, income, ethnicity, immigrant status) into each model to analyze gender and sociodemographic differences in relationships. Results Greater distress predicted less fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity, and greater screen sedentary behavior and cigarette use, in the full sample, with small effect sizes (partial η 2 up to 0.013). Differences by gender and sociodemographic characteristics were evident for all health behaviors. Conclusions Psychosocial health might contribute to persistent socioeconomic disparities in health in part through relationships with health behaviors, although relationships in the general population are modest. Health behavior interventions incorporating psychosocial health might need to be tailored based on socioeconomic characteristics, and future research on intersections between multiple sociodemographic risk factors remains necessary.
Background Human activities have changed the environment so profoundly over the past two centuries that human-induced climate change is now posing serious health-related threats to current and future generations. Rapid action from all scientific fields, including behavioral medicine, is needed to contribute to both mitigation of, and adaption to, climate change. Purpose This article aims to identify potential bi-directional associations between climate change impacts and health-related behaviors, as well as a set of key actions for the behavioral medicine community. Methods We synthesized the existing literature about (i) the impacts of rising temperatures, extreme weather events, air pollution, and rising sea level on individual behaviors (e.g., eating behaviors, physical activity, sleep, substance use, and preventive care) as well as the structural factors related to these behaviors (e.g., the food system); and (ii) the concurrent positive and negative roles that health-related behaviors can play in mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Results Based on this literature review, we propose a first conceptual model of climate change and health-related behavior feedback loops. Key actions are proposed, with particular consideration for health equity implications of future behavioral interventions. Actions to bridge the fields of behavioral medicine and climate sciences are also discussed. Conclusions We contend that climate change is among the most urgent issues facing all scientists and should become a central priority for the behavioral medicine community.
The objective of the present study was to estimate whether physical activity on one day was associated with both sleep quality and quantity the following night and to examine to what extent sleep on one night was associated with physical activity the next day. We collected data from 33 young adults who were overweight or obese and consistently wore a Fitbit Charge 3. A total of 7094 days and nights were analyzed. Person-specific models were conducted to test the bi-directional associations for each participant separately. Results suggest an absence of association between steps and sleep efficiency in the two directions. More heterogeneous results were observed for the association between steps and total sleep time, with 19 participants (58%) showing a negative association between total sleep time and next day steps, and 9 (27%) showing a negative association between steps and next day total sleep time. Taken together, these results suggest a potential conflicting association between total sleep time and physical activity for some participants. Pre- and post-print doi: 10.31236/osf.io/nfjqv; supplemental material: https://osf.io/y7nxg/ .
Across the world, young people do not have the same opportunities to develop their potential and become well-rounded adults. The world's population is approximately 1.8 billion young people aged 10 to 24, and about 90% of them live in developing countries within extreme development context. Optimal development of those generations depends on the resources for support, education and health and the means implemented to sustain this development. However, the imbalance of these resources is clearly observable throughout the world. Sport has been use in many developing countries to contribute to health and education for youth following Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations. More especially, sport is use as a leisure to generate resilience, the capacity of a person or group to develop well, to continue to project itself into the future despite destabilizing events, difficult living conditions, and severe trauma. Several authors emphasize the role of recreational activities such as physical activity and sport in the resilience process or for academic perseverance. The chapter explores the perspective and the potential of using sport for the sustainable development for health and education of youth as targeted in the SDG. More especially, we aim to understand how sport can contribute to health and education of youth through cases studies from various developing countries.
Changes in the food system are necessary for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals. A shift in current dietary patterns, especially in developed countries, is one of the most effective measures to achieve a sustainable and fair food system. In this viewpoint, we i) contend why, alongside structural changes to the food production and distribution systems, individual behaviour change interventions, especially in high-income countries, are essential, ii) based on a scoping review, describe a set of behaviour change techniques that can contribute to the design of such interventions, iii) highlight the main weaknesses of previous eating behaviour interventions and suggest how they may be overcome, notably by addressing negative spillovers and trade-offs, and iv) provide an actionable definition of sustainable healthy diets for behaviour change practitioners and educators. Altogether, this viewpoint offers a relevant starting point for the design of future interventions targeting individual behavioural change for sustainable healthy diets.
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