With the advent of network 'softwarization', Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is foreseen to provide flexibility and programmability levels that would essentially help in coping with tomorrow's demands. However, energy efficiency and the resulting complexity of network/service management pose serious sustainability and scalability issues that may hinder NFV's advantages. This paper considers these aspects in the context of datacenter networks. We propose an energy-Aware resource allocation scheme to manage virtual machines, dedicated to perform certain (virtualized) network functions, among a pool of energy-Tunable physical resources (processors/cores). We use online measurements to periodically estimate some statistical features of the offered workloads by considering a fairly general renewal model that captures traffic bustiness and hardware operational settings. Then, resources are dynamically managed by jointly performing power scaling and in-server consolidation according to the actual workload variations. The average power consumption generated by this strategy is evaluated and compared with that of a classical bin-packing consolidation, over processors running always with the highest-performance configuration. Results show that the proposed approach can reduce the average power consumption of the datacenter by up to 10%, suggesting a considerable amount of annual savings
In the last few years, network “softwarization” is gaining increasing popularity to achieve dynamicity and flexibility. Cloud computing, as well as the new paradigms of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), are supporting this evolution. However, the need to move services closer to users to guarantee low latency in the service fruition on one hand, and the trend to support personalization of services on the other, are stimulating the migration of services toward edge nodes (in the so-called “fog computing” fashion). This is the target of the INPUT platform, proposed in the INPUT project to support Future Internet personal cloud services in a more scalable and sustainable way, and with innovative added-value capabilities. The INPUT platform enables next-generation cloud applications to go beyond classical service models, and even replaces physical Smart Devices, usually placed in users’ homes (e.g., set-top-boxes, etc.), with virtual entities, providing them to users “as a Service.” In this paper, we present the INPUT paradigm and discuss a relevant use case – namely, the virtual Set-Top-Box – adopted to prove the feasibility of the softwarized SDN/NFV paradigm jointly with the fog-computing approach for the support of personal cloud services. The INPUT platform is also compared with a legacy approach to evaluate the gain in terms of quality of experience (QoE) for both static and mobile users
The upcoming Cloud-Fog interplay is expected to grant service providers more degrees of freedom in the implementation and management of their service portfolios. With the state-of-the-art virtualization technologies, services can be implemented in software as a graph/chain of portable virtual objects (VOs) that can be migrated around the Telco infrastructure. In this perspective, a VO clustering and migration policy that jointly considers user proximity and inter-VO affinity is proposed to scalably support user mobility, while allowing service differentiation among users. Results confirm that introducing migrations improve the quality of service (QoS) to always meet or exceed the requirements, as compared to static service placement, and considering VO clusters as aggregate entities will initiate around 40% less migrations, on average -an improvement that increases with inter-VO affinity and could potentially simplify service management when supporting user mobility.
Fifth generation (5G) mobile networks will lead to a deep integration between networks and applications. Through novel paradigms like Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Edge Computing, new classes of heterogeneous application services will be enabled to run close to mobile end-user devices with zero-perceived latency and fully-cognitive dynamic reconfiguration capabilities. Such "vertical" applications exhibit diverse performance/scalability requirements, and will rely on highly distributed, extremely virtualized, multi-tenant and software-defined infrastructures. In such context, handling the required operations in a scalable and dynamic fashion will be of paramount importance. A specific aspect, addressed by Software Defined Networking (SDN), regards the provision of suitable communication channels, once resource allocation mechanisms have performed the most efficient deployment of Virtual Network Function (VNF) instances, and VNF chaining needs to be implemented to enable network services. In this respect, this paper introduces the Multi-Cluster Overlay (MCO) network paradigm: a tunnel-less SDN scheme for scalable realization of Virtual Tenant Networks (VTNs) across the 5G distributed infrastructure, able to support (bulk) migrations of software instances among geo-distributed computing resources in a seamless and effective fashion. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that the MCO achieves up to over one order of magnitude smaller number of forwarding rules than other state-of-the-art SDN mechanisms, while also assuring high performance during reconfiguration operations.
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