This research aimed at identifying the influence of the innovation in the competitiveness of organic agriculture and food industries in Brazil, seeking to create adhesion between a review of the literature and an empirical research about the strategies for innovation and competitiveness in the area. The trend in the globalized market indicates favorable prospects for organic food industries and, for this reason, they have realized the need for restructuration in order to meet the demands. The food industry has been searching for market differentials in order to add value to their products and make profit. As for the methodology, an exploratory research conducted with 54 managers of companies in the organic food sector, the result noted was that innovation had a positive influence over the competitiveness of organic products and that the research confirmed the theoretical base, showing that companies should focus on innovation in order to generate competitive advantages.
Brazil is one of the world's largest base materials exporters, and this paper examines through large time series samples whether the Brazilian Real can be characterized as a commodity currency. The Real/US dollar real exchange rate and a real commodity prices index are found to be non-stationary and not co-integrated, while a risk premium appeared to have a large and statistically significant long term relationship with exchange rate movements. Combined first difference models showed that real exchange rate elasticity to risk premium is twice as large as to commodity prices, although both variables have considerable influence. Some specifications outperformed a random walk model with respect to root mean square forecast errors for many horizons, but the latter still better determined the exchange rate in longer terms.Keywords: Exchange rates; Commodity Prices; Co-integration. INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P)http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 5, n. 1, October -January 2014. ISSN: 2236-269X DOI: 10.14807/ijmp.v5i1.119 INTRODUCTIONAn affirmation like the one above might sound extremely alarmist today, when most developed and emerging economies follow similar and stable macroeconomic policies. Back in the 1970s, however, and for many years after that, it made perfect sense for a country with a currency crisis every three or four years like Brazil. It was kind of a mantra for those defending fixed exchange rate regimes, and not until the second half of the nineties, when big economic reforms came into place, it became outdated.A floating exchange rate regime is today a powerful tool for current account imbalances adjustments and one of the most indispensable policies for Brazilian economic development. In that sense, understanding what factors relate to exchange rate movements and how forecasting could be improved is a very important issue inBrazil. Most local economist have turned to interest rate differentials or current account balances to try and explain how Brazilian Real's value is determined and this paper will look into international literature to find evidence, pros and cons of these traditional methods. More attention, however, will be drawn to Meese and Rogoff (1983) successful exhibit of how a simple random walk can outperform structural exchange rate determination models, and also to a fresh attempt of introducing commodity prices to explain currency movements done by Chen and Rogoff (2002).This last paper, in fact, is going to be of highest importance for the empirical part of this study.As most developing economies and a few well developed ones, Brazil exports a great deal of base materials. These commodities are traded internationally and have their price settled in US dollars without any direct interference of a specific producer. Therefore, a surge in commodity prices should lead to an increase of Brazilian exports value in dollars, more foreign currency within the country and a possible appreciation of the country's exchange rate. If this actually happens, the Real could b...
Studies on supply chain management have been focused on competitiveness from the alignment of suppliers to the company's main strategic interests, with the assumption that this alignment benefits all chains. In this approach, unmet interests of these suppliers are hidden when submitted to the subordination of the main company. This work aimed to understand how the supply chain of the agricultural machinery industry is managed, with the sociology of absences as a category of analysis. This is a descriptive and qualitative approach research, with the participation of six respondents, executives of companies providing implements for the three main agricultural machinery companies in the world. During the research, we sought to connect seven dimensions of supply chain management with the macro-sociological procedure of investigation of the sociology of absences. The results showed that the supply chain management of the agricultural machinery industry promotes the five non-logical existence (monocultures), putting smaller companies' supply chain members in a situation of absence and concealment, disregarding their knowledge and interests.
This paper deals with the to the supply chain strategic management of organic products. The objective of this study is to propose a model that integrates the concepts of supply chain management (SCM), transaction costs theory (TTC) and bullwhip effect in supply chain of organic products generating propositions that will direct future empirical research. Therefore, this paper proposes that the SCM and TTC can contribute in reducing the distortion of perception of demand along the supply chain of organic products. A conceptual model relating the three variables studied was elaborated and three theoretical future empirical investigations to propositions in order to solve the problem of the bullwhip effect, namely the distortion of perception of demand along the supply chain of organic products.
O presente artigo aborda conceitos de precificação, apresenta detalhes do varejo brasileiro e revela alguns aspectos envolvendo a definição de alimentos orgânicos, trazendo também um panorama em relação à produção e ao consumo de tais produtos. O estudo mescla aspectos gerais e específicos em relação às principais redes de supermercados da cidade de São Paulo. Foi elaborada uma pesquisa descritiva de natureza qualitativa. Participaram das entrevistas cinco gestores representando as cinco principais redes de supermercados do município de São Paulo. Este trabalho concluiu que as lojas das redes colocam em prática estratégias específicas de precificação que atraem o consumidor, tais como a adoção de markup inferior para produtos dessa natureza. Constatou-se também que o desejo de ser referência de venda de produtos de origem orgânica faz com que os supermercados procurem a diferenciação, por meio de etiquetas verdes, e agrupá-los dentro das lojas. Ações como essas reforçam a importância que as principais redes supermercadistas da cidade de São Paulo dão a uma categoria com grande potencial de crescimento, como é o caso dos produtos agroalimentares de origem orgânica.
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