This research detects the most common words recurring in 326 adolescents' dream language. The analyzed dreams have been previously recorded and then transcribed. Grouping words, we obtained the frequency of the main parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives and pronouns). Among the nouns, far more frequently represented are terms that refer to important objects of an affective relation. Other significant nouns relate to objects linked to both familial and extra-familial environments. Words related to family relations declined in frequency as age increased and were substituted by terms that refer to relations amongfriends and to the external world and its objects. Some of these results can be usefully compared with the conclusions derivedfrom the application of other methods of content analysis. This method using dream language analysis could be applied to research concerning dream content, also through specific dictionaries (groups of words defined and classified in relation to a certain theme).
Objective: Several reports suggest psychological factors may play a role in the etiology or course of alopecia areata. However, empirical information about the interpersonal patterns of patients with alopecia areata at best is limited. The authors aimed at identifying possible differences between relationship patterns displayed by patients suffering from alopecia areata and those displayed by psychiatric patients. Methods: 36 alopecic patients and 55 psychiatric patients were enrolled in the study. The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) method is a reliable and widely adopted method for scoring relationship patterns, a basic facet of human personality. It was scored on transcriptions of psychotherapy sessions or of interviews dedicated to eliciting material for CCRT scoring, the Relationship Anecdote Paradigm (RAP) interviews. The material was rated according to the Clustered Standard Categories system. The frequencies of each CCRT component in the two samples were confronted through analysis of variance. Results: Patients with alopecia areata showed a higher frequency of the wish: ‘to oppose’, of the responses from others: ‘upset’, ‘reject’, and ‘controlling’, and of the responses of self: ‘oppose’, ‘helpful’, ‘disappointed’ and ‘self-controlled’. The ‘wish’ ‘to assert’ was observed more frequently among the patients with a psychiatric disorder. Conclusion: The present research indicates that patients suffering from alopecia areata display relationship themes different from psychiatric patients.
-Objective: Within the concept of the outcome of hea1th services, the user's satisfaction has to be integrated by other more objective measures of health and quality of life. Debra Srebnik and coworkers have proposed a Survey for Monitoring the Quality of Public Mental Hea1th Services (SMQPMHS), which covers the following dimensions: Satisfaction, Functioning, Quality of Life and Clinica1 Status. The research main goals were as follows: a) to study the psychometric properties of the Ita1ian version of the Survey, and b) to study possible differences between the outcome of psychiatric patients applying to our outpatient facilities vs. the American sample.Methods: The Italian version of SMQPMHS was proposed to all patients receiving care at 2 Italian outpatient psychiatric facilities over a period of 2 months. 291 subjects accepted to participate in the study and fi1led in adequately the questionnaire.Results: Mean scores of the 13 variables of the Survey were very similar to those observed in the Arnerican sample. A matrix of correlations between each variable and each of the others indicated adequate internal consistency. A principal component analysis supported the four-dimensions model of the Survey. Patients recently hospitalized showed a poorer Clinical Status and a lower Satisfaction. Patients unemployed at the time of the survey showed a poorer Clinical Status.Conclusions: The Italian version of SMQPMHS showed good psychometric properties, even though concurrent validity needs further study. No differences emerged between the present sample and the American sample.
Mitigation measures required by Covid-19 pandemic have posed severe restrictions on individual freedom and have been met with persistent opposition in minority circles. As non-adherence to preventive measures is believed to increase health risks for the society at large, dissent from official policies has been a source of concern. Within this framework several eminent psychoanalysts have suggested psychoanalysis should be enrolled as a component of health related public opinion campaigns. The chapter will discuss the historical relation between mental health institutions and social control strategies and will formulate a psychoanalytic model of the social dialectic associated with the Coronavirus pandemic. The model will allow the author to offer grounded ethical perspectives on the issue.
Psychodynamic psychiatrists and psychotherapists commonly believe that a shared reliance on the descriptive psychopathology of depression could allow a greater integration of dynamic treatments with other treatment models. However, the assumption that a descriptive approach can offer clinicians a theory independent language is epistemologically untenable.
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