Blooms of marine benthic cyanobacteria are recurrent in several locations at the Colombian Caribbean. In these events, cyanobacteria grow over the substrate and benthic organisms although their effect has not been fully assessed. This study evaluated interactions between cyanobacteria and hermatypic corals, in order to identify any deleterious effects that could be related to allelopathic mechanisms. Organic extracts from cyanobacteria collected in San Andres, Old Providence and Rosario islands were tested against embryos of the reef-building coral Orbicella annularis. The indirect effect of cyanobacterial extracts was also assessed by resuspending the extracts in seawater and monitoring polyp retraction and recovery of the coral Madracis mirabilis (=auretenra). Additionally, the effect of direct contact between cyanobacterial extracts and the coral Porites porites was assessed by incorporating cyanobacterial extracts into PhytagelTM gels and placed in direct contact with the coral. After 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, chromatographic profiles of associated zooxanthellae was evaluated by HPLC. A deleterious effect on the zooxanthellae was evidenced by an increase in pheophytin, a degradation product from chlorophyll. The competitive abilities of algae and cyanobacteria should be considered as a constraint to reef restoration initiatives. Cyanobacteria have the ability to compete with corals due to their growth rates, defenses against herbivory and potentially allelopathic mechanisms.
A lo largo de los años, se han dado a conocer diferentes corrientes pe-dagógicas con la finalidad de mejorar los procesos de enseñanza - aprendizaje, en Colombia por mucho tiempo se ha adoptado una co-rriente tradicional donde el contenido es algo memorístico, mecánico y en realidad muy poco analítico, de modo que se torna aburrido para el educando y genera desinterés por aprender, en consecuencia se preten-de implementar un estilo de enseñanza, partiendo de la Teoría de las Inteligencias Múltiples (Howard Gardner, 1983), con el fin de desarrollar las inteligencias en las estudiantes de la IED Liceo Femenino Mercedes Nariño. ya que “La idea fundamental de la teoría es que no existe una sola capacidad mental subyacente, sino una variedad de inteligencias que actúan en combinación y son las que ayudan a explicar cómo las personas adoptan diversos roles dentro de una sociedad2” (Gardner, 2001). Este trabajo se realiza a partir de un portafolio, que contiene acti-vidades que potencializan algunas inteligencias múltiples.
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