Purpose: In the case of an acute aortic dissection, a surgical aortic procedure is usually the priority in order to restore the perfusion of vital organs. Afterwards, associated ischemic abdominal visceral lesions can be resected. For particular patients, it could be highly beneficial to perform the abdominal surgery before surgically addressing the aorta. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the therapeutic choice in cases of acute aortic dissection with acute abdomen. Case report: The case is reported of a 38-year-old patient, affected by an acute aortic dissection (Stanford type A) and peritonitis. Suspecting the necessity for a complex combined surgical procedure, the patient underwent emergency diagnostic laparoscopy, which showed an infarctual necrosis of the distal ileum and right colon. Therefore, he immediately underwent a wide right hemicolectomy. Afterwards, an ascending aortic substitution was performed. The patient was discharged on the 15th post-operative day, and he is doing well, 1 year and 3 months after the operation. Conclusion: In the case of an acute aortic dissection with acute abdomen, emergency laparoscopy is a precious surgical technique to identify criteria that can lead to therapeutic decisions, including timing.
A 77-year-old man with Alzheimer's disease was admitted to a rural hospital in June 2012 and an acute cholecistytis was first diagnosed. Surgery was not considered as a possible option due to the critical condition of the patient and his severe comorbidities. After 2 days of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the patient worsened and developed severe sepsis. A gallbladder perforation with intrahepatic abscess formation was diagnosed on ultrasonography (US) and abdominal CT scan. The patient underwent percutaneous US-guided gallbladder drainage with resolution of the sepsis and rapid clinical improvement. After 1 month, the drainage was removed and the patient was discharged. He survived in good condition for 18 months and he passed away from pneumonitis in December 2013. This case shows that in a case of acute cholecystitis with gallbladder perforation, percutaneous gallbladder drainage can be a lifesaving procedure in elderly patients with severe comorbidities (including Alzheimer's disease) who are not candidates for elective surgery.
PURPOSE The GOSAFE study evaluates risk factors for failing to achieve good quality of life (QoL) and functional recovery (FR) in older patients undergoing surgery for colon and rectal cancer. METHODS Patients age 70 years and older undergoing major elective colorectal surgery were prospectively enrolled. Frailty assessment was performed and outcomes, including QoL (EQ-5D-3L) recorded (3/6 months postoperatively). Postoperative FR was defined as a combination of Activity of Daily Living ≥5 + Timed Up & Go test <20 seconds + MiniCog >2. RESULTS Prospective complete data were available for 625/646 consecutive patients (96.9%; 435 colon and 190 rectal cancer), 52.6% men, and median age was 79.0 years (IQR, 74.6-82.9 years). Surgery was minimally invasive in 73% of patients (321/435 colon; 135/190 rectum). At 3-6 months, 68.9%-70.3% patients experienced equal/better QoL (72.8%-72.9% colon, 60.1%-63.9% rectal cancer). At logistic regression analysis, preoperative Flemish Triage Risk Screening Tool ≥2 (3-month odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.73; P = .034, 6-month OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.75; P = .027) and postoperative complications (3-month OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.42; P = .008, 6-month OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.15 to 5.68; P = .02) are associated with decreased QoL after colectomy. Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≥2 is a strong predictor of postoperative QoL decline in the rectal cancer subgroup (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.45 to 9.92; P = .006). FR was reported by 254/323 (78.6%) patients with colon and 94/133 (70.6%) with rectal cancer. Charlson Age Comorbidity Index ≥7 (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.26 to 5.32; P = .009), ECOG ≥2 (OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.36 to 7.20; P = .007 colon; OR, 4.61; 95% CI, 1.45 to 14.63; P = .009 rectal surgery), severe complications (OR, 17.33; 95% CI, 7.30 to 40.8; P < .001), fTRST ≥2 (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.40 to 5.25; P = .003), and palliative surgery (OR, 4.11; 95% CI, 1.29 to 13.07; P = .017) are risk factors for not achieving FR. CONCLUSION The majority of older patients experience good QoL and stay independent after colorectal cancer surgery. Predictors for failing to achieve these essential outcomes are now defined to guide patients' and families' preoperative counseling.
Postoperative pancreatic fistulas represent the most frequent complication after distal and segmental pancreatectomy and occur with a frequency of up to 50 %. There are many technical variations of pancreatic stump treatment for reduction of fistula rates after distal resection. Most of these techniques have only been analyzed in retrospective studies and the evidence for or against a specific technique is low. Several retrospective trials have been conducted with good results to compare suturing with stapled closure of the remnant and to assess the effect of a vascularized falciform ligament patch in reducing postoperative pancreatic fistula; however, in a recently published randomized trial, which analyzed closure of the remnant with a pancreaticojejunostomy compared to standard closure, these results could not be confirmed. Because stapler resection and closure is the most commonly used technique in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, there are a large number of studies which assessed various novel methods of improving stapling. Extended stapler compression time and mesh augmentation of the stapler line can be valid methods to reduce fistula rates. Central pancreatectomy is a relatively rarely used procedure where the right-sided pancreatic remnant is closed in the same fashion as during distal pancreatectomy and the left-sided remnant is connected to the intestines with a pancreaticojejunostomy or pancreaticogastrostomy. In conclusion, postoperative pancreatic fistula rates are still a relevant clinical problem after distal pancreatectomy and further studies on potentially improved novel techniques are required.
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