A sheep model was used to study the osseointegration of gamma titanium aluminide (γTiAl) screws subjected to plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The degree of osseointegration was determined by measuring the maximum torque for screw removal from bone after 3 and 6 months of implant placement in sheep for PEO-treated γTiAl, untreated γTiAl, and untreated Ti6Al4V cortical screws. The amount of bone growth and mineralization were qualitatively observed by von Kossa staining of the bone tissue in the region surrounding the implants. Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was carried out to determine trace amounts of metallic elements in blood serum samples obtained from the animals. Generally Al, Cr and V were present in blood serum in comparable quantities in the control and implanted animals, while neither Ti nor Nb was detected. Results from histological analysis and SEM images indicated that de novo bone growth occurred to a greater extent for the PEO treated γTiAl screws. Furthermore, the torque for screw removal from bone was significantly higher (p<0.05) for the PEO-treated γTiAl implants. Taken together, the data supports that the PEO surface treatment enhanced osseointegration to a considerable degree indicating the potential for favorably utilizing PEO-treated γTiAl for dental and orthopedic implant applications.
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