Designing and implementing functional Socio Technical Systems (STS) is becoming increasingly important, as technologies become more pervasive and critical to everyday life. Socio technical systems are said to be efficient and useful when they are "jointly optimized" yet few system designers understand what joint optimization is, and how to achieve it. The paper explains the core tenets of Joint Optimization and identifies the need for artifacts to support the built in design of joint optimization in socio technical systems from the early stages of development. JOM (Joint Optimization Metamodel) is proposed, as a cognitive artifact to help conceptualize and model joint optimization, and five types of JO are identified resulting from conceptual evaluation of the metamodel.
As the global health crisis unfolded, many academic conferences moved online in 2020. This move has been hailed as a positive step towards inclusivity in its attenuation of economic, physical, and legal barriers and effectively enabled many individuals from groups that have traditionally been underrepresented to join and participate. A number of studies have outlined how moving online made it possible to gather a more global community and has increased opportunities for individuals with various constraints, e.g., caregiving responsibilities.
Yet, the mere existence of online conferences is no guarantee that everyone can attend and participate meaningfully. In fact, many elements of an online conference are still significant barriers to truly diverse participation: the tools used can be inaccessible for some individuals; the scheduling choices can favour some geographical locations; the set-up of the conference can provide more visibility to well-established researchers and reduce opportunities for early-career researchers. While acknowledging the benefits of an online setting, especially for individuals who have traditionally been underrepresented or excluded, we recognize that fostering social justice requires inclusivity to actively be centered in every aspect of online conference design.
Here, we draw from the literature and from our own experiences to identify practices that purposefully encourage a diverse community to attend, participate in, and lead online conferences. Reflecting on how to design more inclusive online events is especially important as multiple scientific organizations have announced that they will continue offering an online version of their event when in-person conferences can resume.
Given the availability and ample choice of methods, processes, tools and environments for sharing knowledge on the web -20 years of research has yielded a vast body of literature -it is surprising that the adoption of knowledge sharing artefacts designed to optimise knowledge exchange on the web is still limited. In related work, a systematic review of publicly funded systems engineering (SE) research in the United Kingdom is undertaken, the outcomes of which contribute to motivating the ongoing search for simple standardised shared knowledge representations and formalisation mechanisms. This paper defines knowledge objects (KOs) as identified in the literature, and explores their role as a possible codification method for facilitating and reducing the costs associated with knowledge sharing of system knowledge. The paper suggests that KO architectures should aim to integrate various knowledge types, and provides two KO outlines, system knowledge object (SKO) and systems engineering knowledge object (SEKO), together with suggestions for future work.
This paper introduces 'just enough' principles and 'systems engineering'approach to the practice of ontology development to provide a minimal yet complete, lightweight, agile and integrated development process, supportive of stakeholder management and implementation independence.
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