The possibility of the airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the uk has been investigated in three epidemiological case studies. On the basis of evidence from field investigations, and a simple meteorological analysis, it is concluded that the spread of disease was consistent with the airborne transport of virus. The distances ranged from less than 1 km to 16 km; six of the farms were over 6 km from the source and involved the passage of virus over the sea combined with meteorological conditions which strongly favoured airborne disease transmission. The results of detailed atmospheric modelling demonstrated that airborne virus could have challenged livestock on all the farms studied. However, with one exception the 24-hour average daily concentrations of the virus were significantly below the experimentally estimated threshold for infection. A detailed model intercomparison established that, under stable atmospheric conditions, peak concentrations of virus up to two orders of magnitude higher might have been experienced for short periods, owing to fluctuations within the plume of virus, and model limitations. This finding would significantly reduce the apparent discrepancy between the experimentally estimated threshold for infection and the modelling results.
ResumenObjetivo. Evaluar los niveles de homocisteína total (tHcy) y su asociación con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) en niños de educación básica primaria del Colegio Manuel Elkin Patarroyo. Método. Estudio descriptivo en 50 niños de 6 a 12 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se cuantificaron niveles de tHcy, lípidos y glucosa, se midió presión arterial y se tomaron medidas antropométricas. Los estilos de vida se determinaron con formatos validados y se estableció el punto de corte para diagnosticar hiperhomocisteinemia (HHcy) en la población. Resultados. Las niñas presentaron concentraciones mayores de triglicéridos y c-VLDL que los niños (p=0.05). El valor medio de tHcy para la población general fue de 5.0 (±1,15) µmol/L y el punto de corte para HHcy 6.92 µmol/L. Presentaron HHcy 7.7% de las niñas y 12,5% de los niños. Del grupo con HHcy, 20% estaba en sobrepeso, 40% presentaba hipertensión, 20% expresó c-HDL disminuido, 62% tenía un consumo bajo de carne y 80% alta ingesta de hamburguesas, papas fritas y refrescos. Conclusiones. Aunque la HHcy no estuvo asociada con otros FRCV, es necesario implementar programas que permitan modificar estilos de vida inadecuados.
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