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Wildfire is a common and important natural phenomenon in the biosphere, being a critical link between vegetation succession on the land surface and the terrestrial carbon cycle (Abatzoglou et al., 2018;Thevenon et al., 2010). The occurrence of wildfire results in the transformation of forest and grassland from a carbon sink to a carbon source, with effects on the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere and on the cycling of materials in terrestrial ecosystems (Han et al., 2020;Marlon et al., 2013). The products of combustion are the most direct evidence of wildfire; for example, black carbon (BC) is a chemically inert, micron-or submicron-sized spherical material with high thermal stability and a highly condensed aromatic hydrocarbon structure, which is produced by the incomplete combustion of biomass or fossil fuels (Bond et al.

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