Structured AbstractPurpose: The aim of this paper is to examine the effect employed friends have on the probability of exiting unemployment of an unemployed worker according to his/her educational (skill) level. Design/Methodology: In common with studies on unemployment duration, this paper use a discrete time hazard model. Findings: The paper finds that the conditional probability of finding work is between 24% and 34% higher per period for each additional employed friend for job seekers with intermediate skills.Social Implications: These results are of interest since they suggest that the reach of national employment agencies could extend beyond individuals in direct contact with first line employment support bureaus. Originality/Value: Because of the lack of appropriate longitudinal information, the majority of empirical studies in the area assess the influence of social networks on employment status using proxy measures of social interactions. The current study contributes to the very limited empirical literature of the influence of social networks on job attainment using direct measures of social structures.
We study the effect of the National Minimum Wage (NMW) on the workforce age composition within the low paying sectors of the British economy. Our interest is in the degree of substitutability between labour inputs (young and old employees). We find evidence that both the introduction and the regular upratings of the NMW have a significant effect on the observed changes to the relative wages and to the relative wage bills but not to relative employment. We estimate the elasticity of substitution, between ‘young’ age groups and older workers (55+) to be zero, while that of ‘prime’ (22+) age and older workers, to be around 0.79. Our estimates therefore imply significant complementarity between younger and old employees.
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