The protonation equilibria of some 4-substituted benzohydroxamic acids 4-X(C(6)H(4)CONHOH) (X = H, OMe, Cl) have been investigated in aqueous sulfuric, perchloric, and hydrochloric acids at 25 degrees C UV spectrophotometrically. The Hammett acidity function method, the Bunnett-Olsen method, Cox-Yates excess acidity function method, and Marziano-Cimino-Passerini method have been compared in order to rationalize the differences observed between pK(BH)()+ values determined by each method. An attempt has been made to apply multivariate analysis to separate the effect of protonation from the medium effect for benzohydroxamic acid.
Hydroxamic Acid / LFER / Protonation / Acid-Base Catalysis / HydrolysisAs part of our investigations on the structure-reactivity relationships in protonation and hydrolysis of hydroxamic acids, we have now studied a series of 4-substituted benzohydroxamic acids (4-X-C 6 H 4 .CO.NH(OH), with X = H, Me, OMe, Cl, Br, F and NO 2 ) in aqueous sulfuric acid. Good correlation was observed pointing out the validity of the Hammett equation. The protonation constant, ionization constant and rate constant for acid-and base-catalysed hydrolysis reactions seems are to be related in a linear free-energy (LEER) fashion.
This case study examines a paint thinner explosion incident that occurred in a residential house, resulting in the loss of life, injuries and property damage. The study investigates the explosive characteristics of paint thinner, storage conditions, ignition sources, human factors, and the findings of a forensic investigation. The incident involved an individual attempting to open a plastic container of paint thinner, which exploded upon opening, causing the individual's incapacitation and subsequent death. Three family members standing nearby suffered serious injuries. The forensic investigation revealed accumulation of flammable vapors due to high temperatures and poor ventilation, potential ignition from nearby bamboo stick burning, inadequate safety measures, and human errors as contributing factors. The study emphasizes the importance of proper storage, handling, and training in dealing with flammable substances, as well as the need for effective safety measures and adherence to regulations to prevent such incidents in the future.
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