Leaf margins are complex plant morphological features that contribute to leaf shape diversity, which affects plant structure, yield, and adaptation. Although several leaf margin regulators have been identified to date, the genetic basis of their natural variation has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we profiled two distinct leaf morphology types (serrated and smooth) using the persistent homology mathematical framework (PHMF) in two poplar species (Populus tomentosa and Populus simonii, respectively). A combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mapping were applied to create a leaf morphology control module using data from Populus tomentosa and Populus simonii populations. Natural variation in leaf margins was associated with YABBY11 (YAB11) transcript abundance in poplar. In P. tomentosa, PtoYAB11 carries a premature stop codon (PtoYAB11PSC), resulting in the loss of its positive regulation of NGATHA-LIKE1 (PtoNGAL-1) and RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT (PtoRBCL). Overexpression of PtoYAB11PSC promoted serrated leaf margins, enlarged leaves, enhanced photosynthesis, and increased biomass. Overexpression of PsiYAB11 in P. tomentosa promoted smooth leaf margins, higher stomatal density, and greater light damage repair ability. In poplar, YAB11-NGAL1 is sensitive to environmental conditions, acts as a positive regulator of leaf margin serration, and may also link environmental signaling to leaf morphological plasticity.
Leaf margins are complex plant morphological features and contribute to the diversity of leaf shapes which effect on plant structure, yield and adaptation. Although several regulators of leaf margins have been identified, the genetic basis of natural variation therein has not been fully elucidated. We first profiled two distinct types (serration and smooth) of leaf morphology using the persistent homology mathematical framework (PHMF) in poplar. Combined genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mapping to create a module of leaf morphology controlling using data from Populus tomentosa and P. simonii association population, respectively. Natural variation of leaf margins is associated with transcript abundances of YABBY11 (YAB11) in poplar. In P. tomentosa, PtoYAB11 carries premature stop codon (PtoYAB11PSC) resulting in lost its positive regulation in PtoNGAL-1, PtoRBCL, PtoATPA, PtoATPE, and PtoPSBB. Overexpression of PtoYAB11PSC serrated leaf margin, enlarged leaves, promoted photosynthesis and increased biomass. Overexpression of PsiYAB11 in P. tomentosa could rescue leaf margin serration and increase stomatal density and light damage repair ability. In poplar, YAB11-NGAL1is sensitive to environmental conditions and play positive regulator of leaf margin serration. It might be important regulator which bridge environment signaling to leaf morphological plasticity.
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