The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of myringoplasty with or without cortical mastoidectomy in terms of freedom from discharge, graft take up and improvement in hearing. This is a Clinical prospective study of 120 patients from among a group of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. A detailed history and examination was conducted including pure tone audiogram. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; group A would undergo myringoplasty only and group B would undergo cortical mastoidectomy with myringoplasty. Patients were reviewed after 3 weeks for inspection of the operated ear. Second post-operative review was at 3 months for clinicoaudiological assessment. Group B was found to have slightly more improvement as compared to the other group. No significant difference in the success rates of graft take-up in patients with unilateral or bilateral disease was found. Higher take up rates were seen in large (91.83 %) and medium perforations (90.69 %). In all our failed cases, post-operative ear discharge continued to be a persistent and troubling problem. The average audiological gain was 12.88 dB in group B, whereas it was 12.40 dB in group A. The reduction of air bone gap within each group was found to be significant. There is no statistical significant data indicating that tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy yields better results. When considering the addition of a mastoidectomy to a Tympanoplasty, the performing surgeon should consider not only the potential added benefit but also potential risks and costs to the patient.

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Lobular capillary hemangioma is a benign, rapidly growing lesion of the skin and mucous membranes. It may rarely present as a mass that entirely fill the nasal cavity with an unknown etiology. Although it has no predilection for age, it is more common in the third decade and in females. Lobular capillary hemangioma usually involves the gingiva, lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa. The nasal cavity is a rare location. The most common symptoms are nasal obstruction and epistaxis. The treatment is nasal endoscopic surgery even for large lesions as it does not require embolization preoperatively. We present a case report of a 45-year-old male patient with lobular capillary hemangioma who presented with epistaxis and nasal obstruction. The diagnosis of capillary hemangioma must always be kept in mind when discussing the differential diagnosis of a rapidly growing bleeding mass of the nasal cavity even though it is a rare entity.

Introduction. Primary thyroid lymphomas constitute up to 5% of all thyroid malignancies and can be divided into non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) of B- and T-cell types, as well as Hodgkin's lymphomas. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are a relatively recently recognized subset of B-cell NHLs, and they are listed as extranodal marginal zone lymphomas according to the revised European-American lymphoma classification. Case Report. We report an uncommon case of a 44-year-old man, who noted a painless, growing mass on right side of his neck of the three-month duration. Thyroid profile was within normal limits. FNAC showed lymphocytic thyroiditis. The patient underwent a right hemithyroidectomy. The histologic examination and the immunohistochemistry showed an extra nodal marginal B-cell type maltoma (malt lymphoma). CHOP chemotherapy with rituximab was given. The clinical course has been favourable in the first year of followup, with no evidence of local or systemic recurrence of the disease. Discussion. Marginal zone lymphoma encompasses a heterogeneous group of B-cell tumours that variously arise within the lymph nodes, spleen, or extranodal tissues. A case of maltoma of thyroid is presented for its rarity and diagnostic dilemmas. Conclusion. Maltomas are slow-growing lymphomas. The optimal treatment and followup of patients with thyroid maltomas remain controversial at present.

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Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is one of most common surgeries in otorhinolaryngology practice. It is done in the narrow confines of the nasal cavity. Bleeding into the surgical field is a major problem faced by endoscopic surgeons. To assess the effectiveness of pterygopalatine fossa infiltration with lignocaine and adrenaline in controlling surgical field bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery. A randomized blinded study was done among 68 patients who underwent FESS. Infiltration with 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline was given only on one side and the surgeon was blinded as to which side was infiltrated and he was asked to assess the surgical field using a standard scale. There was statistical significant improvement in surgical field on the infiltrated side ( = 0.001) with almost 25-30% improvement in surgical field on the infiltrated side. The surgical field bleeding also varied with the blood pressure with a positive correlation. There were no complications associated with the procedure. Pterygopalatine fossa infiltration with lignocaine and adrenaline is an effective technique in reducing surgical field bleeding during FESS. It can be combined with nasal decongestion or hypotensive anaesthesia for an optimum surgical field.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It predominantly affects the mucous membranes of the nose and the nasopharynx. Clinically the lesion presents as a pink or red pedunculated polyp in one or both nostrils. Diagnosis can be made by aspiration cytology and examination with May-Grunwald-Giemsa, hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic acid-Schiff and mucicarmine staining. Definitive diagnosis is by histopathology of the specimen. We report a case of Rhinosporidiosis at the lateral pharyngeal wall which is a very rare site for Rhinosporidiosis to occur; was treated by diathermy excision of the mass and cauterization of the base and oral Dapsone to prevent recurrence of the disease.