Lactic acid bacteria have the ability to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins. They are of great interest to research due to some of the lengthy annals of safe use and the generally considered safe (GRAS) and presumed safety (QPS) status. Bacteriocins are small, hydrophobic, cationic peptides with bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity in various microbes other than the producing strain. The production of bacteriocin depends on its strain and culture optimization. Genes encoding bacteriocin are located in chromosomes or plasmids. This study was carried out to detect the bacteriocin gene in Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 and ATCC 4356. Non-lactic acid bacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum), nuclease-free water, and distilled water are used as the negative control. The DNA extraction was carried out following Agilent Technologies® DNA Extraction Kit with some modifications. Primers used in this study are specific gene primers for acidocin LF221A, and the PCR cycling condition was done based on it. The result of using PCR showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 and ATCC 4356 have acidocin LF221A gene. It proved by electrophoresis analysis that the amplicon showed bands with a size less than 100 bp. The conclusion is that Lactobacillus acidophilus in this study contains gene encoding bacteriocin. Vice versa, non-lactic acid bacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum does not carry the bacteriocins gene.
Demam tifoid termasuk penyakit infeksi serius di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang sering timbul sehubungan penanganan kasus demam tifoid salah satunya adalah resistensi antibiotik. Resistensi antibiotika menjadi masalah global terutama dalam menangani masalah infeksi. WHO melaporkan Asia Tenggara memiliki angka tertinggi dalam kasus resistensi antibiotik di dunia. Penggunaan antimikroba yang tidak rasional dan berkembangnya resistensi antibiotika membuka ketertarikan untuk menggunakan alternatif antimikroba alami seperti bakteriosin. Bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) menghasilkan zat bakteriosin. Bakteriosin memiliki aktivitas bakterisidal dan bakteriostatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas bakteriosin L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 terhadap pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi secara in vitro sebagai antibiotik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah kloramfenikol dan nisin. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan post-test only control group design menggunakan metode difusi agar Kirby-Bauer pada media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Hasilnya didapatkan bakteriosin L.acidophilus ATCC 4356 mampu menghasilkan efek anti mikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan kekuatan sedang, nisin menghasilkan efek anti mikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan kekuatan kuat dan kloramfenikol menghasilkan efek anti mikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan kekuatan sangat kuat. Bakteriosin bekerja dengan cara membentuk pori pada membran sel bakteri yang akan merusak permeabilitas membran sitoplasma target dan menyebabkan kematian sel.
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