Abstract:The impact of female directors on firm performance has lacked consistency in the previously conducted empirical studies, which may be due to the endogeneity problem, or certain characteristics (i.e. governance, industry, competition). This study examines the relationship between female directors and firm performance by addressing those problems. This study analyses all non-financial UK listed firms during the period 2004-2012 and employs several econometric models. The regression results indicate that there is little evidence that female directors have a positive and strong relationship with firm performance. But, further analysis reports that the UK's small listed firms experience a positive significant effect, because small firms do not suffer from the problem of over-monitoring and they have more flexibility in composing their boards of directors.
This study investigates board gender diversity in Indonesia’s listed firms and its effect on firm performance from 2011–2016. After addressing the endogeneity of diversity, the results in this paper show that the proportion of female in the boardroom marginally improve firm performance. Firms with two or more female in the boardroom have a stronger impact on firm performance than firms with one female in the boardroom, consistent with the critical mass effect. Finally, certain sectors will gain more benefits of appointing females in the boardroom. The results suggest that increasing gender diversity in the boardrooms can have beneficial effects on firm performance, but the benefits may be subject to the critical mass and firm industry.
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the specific determinants of loan growth and the consequences of excessive loan growth on bank stability. Background Problems: Bank loans play an important role in economic growth, but previous studies indicate that excessive loans lead to bank instability. Novelty: This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis, as it will discuss both the loan determinants and excessive loans simultaneously. Research Methods: This study covers more than 89% of the total loans of commercial banks (listed and non-listed banks) between 2002 and 2018 and it employs GMM in order to obtain robust estimations. Finding/Results: The growth of customers’ deposits and gross NPL are the most important factors in explaining loan growth in Indonesia. Banks with excessive loans tend to have high levels of credit risk. Conclusion: Banks’ liquidity and credit risk have important roles in explaining banks’ loans. However, excessive loans could lead to bank instability, particularly for small banks.
This study aims to ascertain the influence of social media marketing via Instagram, which includes content creation and community building, on purchase decision in Sociolla during the pandemic. This study collected primary data from respondents via questionnaires. The respondents were 101 people with customers who became Sociolla followers and made online purchases on Sociolla during the COVID-19 pandemic. SPSS was used to analyze the data in this analysis. Analytical techniques include multiple linear regression analysis, the t test for partial hypotheses, the F test for simultaneous hypotheses, and the coefficient of determination (R²). This study found that content creation and community development had a significant positive effect on purchase decision. The partial results (t test) indicate that the variables relating to content sharing most influence purchase decision. While concurrently (F test) demonstrates that content creation and community building have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Although the relationship between community building and purchase decision has been examined in past research, the specific relationships examined in this study in comparison with the content creation-purchase decision relationship has not yet been previously investigated using a local cosmetic brand followers in Indonesia.
The study aimed to analyze the relationships between price discounts, impulsive purchasing behavior, and perceived quality. This study collected primary data from respondents via questionnaires. Using the Smart PLS tools, this study uses the t-test and data regression to validate the hypothesis. The perceived quality factor performed an essential mediating effect in the relationship between price discounts and impulsive buying. When the direct effect of price discounts on impulsive buying was investigated, it was discovered that price discounts have no effect on people’s impulsive purchase. However, when perceived quality served as a mediator, the feelings created by a price discount led to a positive perception of product and give significant impact on impulsive buying behavior.
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