Urethral hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors with varying size and usually present as urethral bleeding and/ or hematuria. Treatment depends on the size and site of the lesion. We present a 27 year old male with a two year history of intermittent episodes of urethral bleeding. Cystourethroscopy showed a solitary hemangioma in the penile urethra. The patient was treated with simple transurethral excision with the biopsy forceps. The catheter was removed 48 hours later. He remains symptom free four months later. Simple excision of small hemangiomas may be an effective treatment especially for young patients in order to avoid the side effects of diathermy and when facilities such is laser are not available.

Bilateral macular oedema is an uncommon side-effect of paclitaxel administration in oncological patients. We report the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with decreased visual acuity due to bilateral macular oedema after paclitaxel administration for lung cancer. Optical coherence tomography scans of both eyes revealed cystoid macular oedema. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated the unusual finding of the absence of localised retinal capillary leakage. Ketorolac eye drops and acetazolamide tablets were prescribed and one month later the cystoid macular oedema resolved with subsequent improvement in visual acuity. This case illustrates the unusual presentation of cystoid macular oedema induced by paclitaxel.

Parstatin is a potent antiangiogenic agent of ocular neovascularization and may have clinical potential in the treatment of angiogenesis-related ocular disorders.

Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels have been demonstrated in Coats disease. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents assist to the decrease of vascular permeability of the capillary endothelial cells, thus increasing the efficiency of laser application.

Omega-3 fatty acids may effectively improve tear film characteristics, reverse ocular surface features, and alleviate the subjective symptoms associated with dry eye syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes.