Objective, non-invasive measures of lung maturity and development, oxygen requirements and lung function, suitable for use in small, unsedated infants, are urgently required to define the nature and severity of persisting lung disease, and to identify risk factors for developing chronic lung problems. Disorders of lung growth, maturation and control of breathing are among the most important problems faced by the neonatologists. At present, no system for continuous monitoring of neonate lung function to reduce the risk of chronic lung disease in infancy in intensive care units exists. We are in the process of developing a new integrated electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system based on wearable technology to integrate measures of the boundary diameter from the boundary form for neonates into the reconstruction algorithm. In principle, this approach could provide a reduction of image artefacts in the reconstructed image associated with incorrect boundary form assumptions. In this paper, we investigate the required accuracy of the boundary form that would be suitable to minimize artefacts in the reconstruction for neonate lung function. The number of data points needed to create the required boundary form is automatically determined using genetic algorithms. The approach presented in this paper is to assist quality of the reconstruction using different approximations to the ideal boundary form. We also investigate the use of a wavelet algebraic multi-grid (WAMG) preconditioner to reduce the reconstruction computation requirements. Results are presented that demonstrate a full 3D model is required to minimize artefact in the reconstructed image and the implementation of a WAMG for EIT.
Disorders of lung growth, maturation and control of breathing are among the most important problems faced by the neonatologist. Objective, non-invasive measures of lung maturity and development, oxygen requirements and lung function, suitable for use in small, unsedated infants, are urgently required to define the nature and severity of persisting lung disease, and to identify risk factors for developing chronic lung problems. At present, no system for continuous monitoring of neonate lung function to reduce the risk of CLDI in intensive care units (ITUs) exists.We present the development of image reconstruction algorithms to monitor neonate lung function in ITU's, and a method base on wearable technology to integrate measures of the boundary diameter from the boundary form. This approach provides a reduction of image artefacts in the reconstructed image associated with incorrect boundary form assumptions. In terms of image reconstruction, we utilise the concept of subspace invariance to design a block adaptive preconditioning scheme, which yields a smaller error norm and can provide improvements in the condition number of the coefficients matrix, as compared to incomplete Cholesky factorization, followed by the application of conjugate gradient.
Citation: Kantartzis, P., Abdi, M. and Liatsis, P. (2013). Stimulation and measurement patterns versus prior information for fast 3D EIT: A breast screening case study. Signal Processing, 93(10), pp. 2838Processing, 93(10), pp. -2850Processing, 93(10), pp. . doi: 10.1016Processing, 93(10), pp. /j.sigpro.2012 This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent AbstractImposing prior information is a typical strategy in inverse problems in return for a stable numerical algorithm. For a given imaging system configuration, the Picard stability condition could then be deployed as a practical measure of the performance of the system against noise contaminated data. Herein, we make extensive use of the above measure to quantify the performance of impedance imaging systems for various stimulation protocols. We numerically demonstrate that a large number of electrodes, as required for breast imaging, adds little value, if any, to the performance of the impedance imaging system. On the other hand, by engaging more electrodes to the 3D firing process, a step increase in performance is recorded. Numerical results on a female breast phantom reveal that for a conventional combination of stimulation and prior information, the potential of the imaging system is approximately 15%. In contrast, for the proposed stimulation and a better prior, * Corresponding author at: Information Engineering and Medical Imaging Group, EEIE, SEMS, City University London, Northampton Square, EC1V 0HB, London, UK, Tel: +44 ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 recorded performance is 61% and 97%, respectively. Finally, since a smaller number of electrodes participate in the measurement process, a significantly reduced number of observable data is acquired. It is worth underlining, that despite the reduction in measurements no compromise in the quality of the reconstructed image is reported.
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