System-level electrostatic discharge testing according to IEC 61000-4-2 has been the main standardized electrostatic discharge immunity testing procedure for the last few decades. The correlation between a failed test result and the injected electrostatic discharge current waveform characteristics, as well as the reduced reproducibility of the standard methodology, have always concerned product manufacturers and test engineers. In an effort to accurately reconstruct the electrostatic discharge current during immunity testing, researchers are focusing more and more on the usability of current probes in capturing the injected current in “real time”. In this article, the results of a proposed methodology, based on current probe measurements and a frequency response compensation method, published in recent bibliography, for different test levels and electrostatic discharge generators are presented, aiming to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the method, investigate its universal applicability, and introduce points of future work toward the current reconstruction during system-level electrostatic discharge testing effort.
Electromagnetic compatibility has emerged in the last decades as one of the most important aspects of product design. Space equipment, in particular, due to their increased sensitivity requirements and a greater risk of failure, are required to comply with a variety of EMC requirements. The scope of this chapter is to provide a detailed overview of these requirements according to the two main standards applicable, MIL-STD461G and ECSS-E-ST-20-07C, describing the proposed methodologies, the associated testing instrumentation, and the tailoring capabilities. The limitations of these methodologies and relative research, aiming to validate or improve them, are also presented highlighting potential deficiencies. This chapter aims to serve as a compact guide to EMC testing of space equipment according to the requirements of two of the most active organizations of space engineering.
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