Finding an optimal path in a road network is a method of planning and decision-making that is mainly related to transportations and emergency response. The paper presents an algorithm for finding optimal paths in spatial networks, through the utilization of open source GIS and mathematical analysis of Networks using Graph Theory as well as using geographical proximity attributes of network nodes. The geometric and spatial information of the network as well as its relations with points of interest (POI) of the study areas located at the nodes and edges of the network, are transformed into spatial information, which by applying spatial queries in a geographical database (Postgis/Pgrouting) give query-enabled paths. The case study for the application of the algorithm and finding a route based on spatial queries is the island of Lesvos. This island combines intense topography and a complex road network with multiple geometric relationships. The area also has points of interest such as cultural, tourist and social. The final route will be a synthesis of morphological, tourist and cultural elements similar to the spatial search queries. Finally, the methodology as well as the search algorithm can be applied to any Spatial Network (transportations, environment, energy) described by its geographical features, considering all kinds of geographical issues, thus solving spatial problems and contributing to local development.
The mathematical analysis of a spatial network using graph theory and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for path finding, has created the need to compare possible solutions to better solve spatial problems in road networks. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive and documented selection of the identification of similar routes on a spatial network through the development of a spatial Similarity Index. The index compares the geographical characteristics of routes (altitude, length, distance from points of interest) drawn in a spatial network and calculates the percentage of similarity between the routes and the criteria that contributed to their drawing. The purpose of this multicriteria indicator is to select the optimal solution for spatial problems that occur in a network, such as transport, energy, environment, sport, and tourism. This leads to the Similarity Index serving as a reliable tool in decision-making for local and regional development. The case study is the Greek island of Lesbos, with a complex road network that develops over a relief with strong differences in altitude. In addition, there are many points of tourist, cultural and economic interest on the island, which helps to find the path that largely fulfils all geographical parameters.
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