We assessed 300 healthy adults in Greece on measures of semantic and phonemic verbal fluency in order to develop norms for the Greek population. We also evaluated the strategies that the participants used spontaneously in order to maximize word production, namely clustering and switching techniques. Our tasks comprised three semantic and three phonemic categories. Consistent with previous investigations of English-speaking samples, we found a contribution of demographic variables to word fluency. Specifically, level of education contributed to total word production, number of switches, and number of repetitive responses on both semantic and phonemic tasks, and the average cluster size only on the phonemic task. Age contributed to total word production and cluster size on the semantic task, and to number of switches on both semantic and phonemic tasks. Sex contributed only to total word production on the semantic task. In our sample, clustering and switching strategies were related to total word production on both tasks, suggesting that these strategies were used effectively. We present tables of normative data stratified by age and level of education. We have also included detailed guidelines for scoring clusters relevant to the Greek population.

Morphometric variation in 15 characters of the red mullet Mullus barbatus samples from sevenGreek localities was examined using multivariate analysis. ANOVA, stepwise discriminant analysis and cluster analysis revealed a rather high morphological variability between the populations studied. The discriminant analysis revealed that about 80% of the examined fish could be correctly classified into the seven areas. This variability could be explained in terms of genetic structuring of the populations and/or environmental conditions prevailing in each geographic area in combination with fish migration and egg/larvae transportation from one area to another. The results suggest that multivariate analysis when combined with other important biological parameters of red mullet may have important implications for the management of the Greek demersal fish resources. 1998 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

No abstract

No abstract

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD) analysis was used to estimate genetic variation within and between 6 Northeast Atlantic populations of Dover sole Solea solea (L.). A total of 16 fish were randomly selected from each population, and the results were compared with allozyme variation within and between populations. Results from both methods were in general agreement, but the RAPD technique detected higher levels of genetic variation. Contingency analyses (allele frequencies and hierarchical F ST and non-hierarchical F DT ) indicated highly significant genetic heterogeneity between populations. This result is consistent with the life history of Dover sole, which have homing behavior and discrete spawning grounds. Divergence between populations is indicated by cluster analyses of both allozymes and RAPD data. However, allozymes provided a somewhat better fit of data to predictions (higher values of cophenetic correlation of clusters from the goodness-of-fit statistics) and better correlation between genetic and geographical distances (Mantel's r). Both allozyme and RAPD data indicate that the samples can be clustered into two groups; continental Europe (Bay of Biscay and German Bight) and British Isles (Cumbria, Isle of Man, Ireland and North Sea). Despite the small geographical separation at the closest point, the English Channel may provide a barrier to gene flow between populations of Dover sole around the coasts of Britain and those on the coast of continental Europe.

The growth and changes in the standard deviation about mean length were measured for sole.Sokiw soleu L.. and herring, Clupea lzarengus L., larvae from crosses of one or two males with one or two females. The sizes of sole larvae did not differ between crosses but the size variation increased Fdster with age when two females were used. Both maternal and paternal effects were detected for size at hatching in herring, but there was no parental influence on size variation. Size variation in herring larvae declined or was stable during the yolk sac stage and was not affected by the number of parents used for fertilizations.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

No abstract