introduCtion. The aim of the study is to determine which depicting modality, fundus autofluorescence or multicolour imaging, is a better diagnostic tool in the monitoring of the progression of geographic atrophy in patients with severe dry macular degeneration. MateriaL and Methods. Fifty patients (93 eyes) participated in this study. OCT examination (Spectralis HRA + OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) was performed in order to confirm that they fit the criteria to proceed in the study. In all patients, fundus autofluorescence and multicolour imaging was performed. resuLts. The area of geographic atrophy was depicted with both modalities and useful information was obtained. In some cases, multicolour imaging provided more useful clues and in other cases the fundus autofluorescence provided useful information for the progression of the disease. ConCLusions. Both modalities provide a wide range of useful information about the progression of geographic atrophy in patients with severe dry age-related macular degeneration and should both be performed in order to gather all the useful information about the disease progression.

The purpose of this article is to explain how astigmatism can be eliminated during cataract surgery by using toric intraocular lenses (IOLs). The toric IOL calculation is analysed as well as the various types of toric IOLs. The toric IOL implantation technique is also explained and thoroughly analysed. Moreover, the possibility of residual astigmatism after the surgery is discussed as well as the reasons for this and how to deal with it.

This is a case report discussing the case of a patient with fungal infection after undergoing a descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). The pathogenesis and possible treatment options of fungal keratitis are discussed. Also, the precautions that should be taken in order to prevent fungal keratitis in patients undergoing DSAEK are referred to.

In this article, Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy is discussed. The symptoms and early treatment are analysed, as well as the hereditary nature of the disease. Surgical approach is thoroughly analysed and the advantages and disadvantages of a potential combined procedure (partial keratoplasty and cataract surgery) are discussed.

To disclose a case of wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) combined with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). The prognosis and the treatment are discussed. A 77-year-old woman presented with wet AMD of the left eye. The patient was treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab of the left eye with improvement of visual acuity and resolution of intra-retinal and sub-retinal fluid. One year after the last injection the patient developed a BRVO of the same eye. A flame shaped haemorrhage was observed, and OCT examination showed cystic macular oedema. Fluorescein angiography showed that there was an active lesion of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), areas of ischaemia, delayed filling and emptying of the affected vein, micro aneurisms, and telangiectatic changes. The co-existence of BRVO and active WET AMD was documented by fluorescein angiography. The co-existence of both diseases has not been described in the literature until today. This co-existence makes the prognosis worse and diminishes the patient's visual acuity.KeY Words: branch retinal vein occlusion, wet age-related macular degeneration

This is a case report of a patient who developed dense subepithelial corneal infiltrates after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and was treated with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). The purpose of this case report is to explain the surgical technique and the results of PTK procedure.

This is a case report describing a planned routine cataract surgery that was complicated intraoperatively by breakage of the trailing haptic of the intraocular lens. The possibility of lens implantation despite the broken haptic is discussed, and the patient's postoperative course one month after the surgery is described, in this report.

This is a case report discussing the case of a patient with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2. The diagnosis and the management of the patient are analysed as well as the possible factors that attribute to the appearance of idiopathic macular telangiectasia.