Based on a sequential communication game, semi-device independent certification of an unsharp instrument has recently been demonstrated [New J. Phys. 21 083034 (2019), Phys. Rev. Research 2, 033014 (2020]. In this paper, we provide semi-device independent self-testing protocols in the prepare-measure scenario to certify multiple unsharpness parameters along with the states and the measurement settings. This is achieved through the sequential quantum advantage shared by multiple independent observers in a suitable communication game known as parity-oblivious random-access-code. We demonstrate that in 3-bit parity-oblivious random-accesscode, at most three independent observers can sequentially share quantum advantage. The optimal pair (triple) of quantum advantages enables us to uniquely certify the qubit states, the measurement settings, and the unsharpness parameter(s). The practical implementation of a given protocol involves inevitable losses. In a sub-optimal scenario, we derive a certified interval within which a specific unsharpness parameter has to be confined. We extend our treatment to the 4-bit case and show that at most two observers can share quantum advantage for the qubit system. Further, we provide a sketch to argue that four sequential observers can share the quantum advantage for the two-qubit system, thereby enabling the certification of three unsharpness parameters.
The demand for early childhood educators is expected to grow as the Canadian economy adjusts to the end of the pandemic and more Canadians return to in-person work. To support this transition, the federal government has signed bilateral agreements with Canada’s territories and provinces to invest more than 30 billion dollars to create a “10-dollar-a-day” universal child care system. This ambitious movement is a landmark in Canadian child care, yet it is unclear whether Canada’s current pipeline of early childhood education (ECE) graduates is sufficient to meet this increased demand. Using data from the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Linkage Platform (ELMLP), we find that early childhood education program graduates tend to be concentrated in relatively few provinces, come from primarily college backgrounds, and acquire considerably modest labour market outcomes. We investigate the career transition of ECE graduates and argue that low pay and its potential to signal the devaluation of the child care workforce are contributing factors for field exit among ECE professionals. Policy implications of this potential shortfall in the supply of ECE professionals are discussed.
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