COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a massive worldwide concern of the 21st century. One potential strategy to block the biochemical pathway of SARS-CoV-2 was by inhibiting the main protease (Mpro), which is a key enzyme on viral replication. Black seed (Nigella sativa L.) has a long history for its use as a traditional medicine. Therefore, we hypothesised that the black seed contains numerous active compounds that could potentially confer inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 viral Mpro. In this study, 24 active compounds from black seed were tested. Compounds were screened using Lipinski's Rules and admetSAR, then docked to viral Mpro 7BQY by AutoDockTools-1.5.6 and AutoDock Vina using a site directed docking approach resulting in affinity energy (∆G) and binding data. We found that the most potential active compound of N. sativa is 3-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-diphenyl-1-propanone, since its affinity energy was -7.6 kCal.mol-1. Its similarity to N3 inhibitor based on Ligplot analysis and DS were 86.7% and 76.19%, respectively, and the occupancy on binding site based on Ligplot analysis and DS were 90.91% and 81.82%, respectively. These findings can be used as a starting point for further investigation using in vitro and in vivo studies.

Penentuan jenis pakan alternatif yang mudah didapatkan penting dilakukan untuk mengawali penelitian yang menggunakan satwa liar agar pengambilan dari alam dapat diminimalkan. Keong darat saat ini memiliki nilai bioekonomi yang cukup tinggi karena lendirnya dapat dijadikan komoditas nutricosmeceutical, namun spesies keong darat Indonesia, terutama spesies lokal belum banyak diteliti sehingga belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi ilmiah tentang jenis pakan alternatif yang dapat diterima keong darat dari Menoreh, Yogyakarta, meliputi: Amphydromus palaceus (AP), Dyakia rumphii (DR), dan Hemiplecta humphreysiana (HH). Penentuan jenis pakan alternatif menggunakan metode nonchoice test secara ad libitum dan terdiri atas tahap skrining dan tahap lanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 jenis pakan berupa buah dan sayur yang mudah ditemukan di Indonesia. Selain itu, dilakukan analisis kandungan nutrisi dan energi jenis pakan yang disukai dan dapat diterima. Ketiga spesies tersebut lebih menyukai pakan berupa buah dengan tekstur berair. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pepaya disukai dan dapat diterima dengan baik oleh AP, DR, dan HH; timun disukai dan dapat diterima dengan baik oleh DR dan HH; sedangkan tomat disukai dan dapat diterima dengan baik oleh HH. Selain itu, pakan lainnya dapat diberikan pada AP adalah pir, DR adalah sawi putih, dan HH adalah jamur tiram.Kata kunci: keong darat, non-choice test, pakan alternatif, kandungan nutrisi.

The Cikaniki resort is one of the most accessible research stations located in the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP). It is in adjacent with Citalahab village. The Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences and other institutions have conducted intensive research on the fauna diversity of GHSNP from this station. Here we formulate a checklist on fauna diversity surrounding the Cikaniki Research Station and Citalahab, GHNSP from various sources, i.e. field work, museum collections (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), scientific publications, and technical report. The study was conducted from October 2019 until October 2020. The latest field work was conducted from 8-10 October 2019 under the framework of the Jungle Survival and Biological Collection Management 2019 program. In total, 821 fauna species were recorded in Cikaniki-Citalahab areas which comprises of 48 species of Mollusca, five species of Malacostraca, 523 species of Insects, 22 species of Actinopterygii, 63 species of Amphibia and Reptiles, 115 species of Aves and 45 species of Mammals. The diversity contributes 62.1% of the total 1,323 known fauna species in GHSNP. Five number of species were assigned as endangered and three species critical endangered by IUCN. In addition, 123 species were endemic to Java and 34 species protected by Regulation of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia Number P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018. The areas of Cikaniki and Citalahab are rich in biodiversity. Although both areas are in close intact with human activity, research and ecotourism, the need of continuously spreading awareness and enforce species and area conservation is inevitable.

The Cikaniki resort is one of the most accessible research stations located in the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP). It is in adjacent with Citalahab village. The Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences and other institutions have conducted intensive research on the fauna diversity of GHSNP from this station. Here we formulate a checklist on fauna diversity surrounding the Cikaniki Research Station and Citalahab, GHNSP from various sources, i.e. field work, museum collections (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), scientific publications, and technical report. The study was conducted from October 2019 until October 2020. The latest field work was conducted from 8-10 October 2019 under the framework of the Jungle Survival and Biological Collection Management 2019 program. In total, 821 fauna species were recorded in Cikaniki-Citalahab areas which comprises of 48 species of Mollusca, five species of Malacostraca, 523 species of Insects, 22 species of Actinopterygii, 63 species of Amphibia and Reptiles, 115 species of Aves and 45 species of Mammals. The diversity contributes 62.1% of the total 1,323 known fauna species in GHSNP. Five number of species were assigned as endangered and three species critical endangered by IUCN. In addition, 123 species were endemic to Java and 34 species protected by Regulation of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia Number P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018. The areas of Cikaniki and Citalahab are rich in biodiversity. Although both areas are in close intact with human activity, research and ecotourism, the need of continuously spreading awareness and enforce species and area conservation is inevitable.

The trend of Heliciculture for human consumption, animal feed, medicine, and neutricosmeceutical is rising globally. To gain a better knowledge on the Heliciculture of Indonesian land snails, we studied the daily activity with a focus on feeding behavior and the feed preference of two land snail species Hemiplecta humphreysiana (HH) and Lissachatina fulica (LF). The two species were selected because of their abundancein nature, as well as to compare behavior and preference between native (HH) and invasive (LF) species. Three days of daily activity observation was conducted by using a scan animal sampling method with 5 minutes intervals towards three individuals of HH and LF. The experiment on feeding preference was conducted towards ten individuals per species in 28 days of observation (14 days each for vegetables and fruits). Each individual was placed in different rearing boxes. A multiple-choice test method was applied and consisted of two treatments i.e. vegetable treatment (pakcoy, chicory, lettuce, cabbage) and fruit treatments (mango, cucumber, melon, papaya). The nutritional value from the observed feed was also analyzed. Based on the total of 51,840 minutes of observation records, both species were generally active from 21.00-03.00. HH was more active in moving when given vegetable treatment. The species preferred to feed on cucumber, melon, lettuce, and pakcoy. LF was more active in moving and feeding when treated with fruits. The species is more adaptive when given new feed and likes all four fruits, but preferred lettuce in the vegetable treatment. Both species prefer to feed with relatively high protein, high fiber, and moderate total carbohydrate content. Providing the right feed and at the right time can support the effectiveness of Heliciculture.