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Background: Myopia is a major cause of visual impairment in both the developed and the developing world. Its prevalence ranges between 83% to 97% and the prevalence of high myopia ranges between 7% and 22%. Individuals with high myopia have increased risk of retinal complications which can be potentially sight threatening. Aims And Objectives: To determine the prevalence and types of retinal changes in patients with myopia and the relationship of the retinal changes with the severity of myopia. Materials And Methods: Patients attending the outpatient department having myopia and age more than 8 years were selected for the study. They underwent dilated fundoscopy (direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy) to record the various retinal changes. Results: Tessellated fundus (58.5%) and peripapillary atrophy (40.5%) were the most common ndings. Temporal crescent (21.5%), lattice degeneration (16.5%), white with or without pressure (11%), retinal tears (4%) and retinal detachment (2%) were also seen. No changes were observed in 22% of the eyes. Conclusion: Myopic individuals should be educated on the symptoms of various complications and seek care immediately if symptoms arise
Background: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) are often observed in patients with Inammatory bowel disease (IBD). Approximately 10%–13% of IBD patients present with ocular manifestations which can be potentially sight threatening. They occur more frequently in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) than Ulcerative Colitis (UC). They can occasionally manifest before the usual intestinal manifestations. It is important to understand the clinical presentation of possible ocular manifestations in order to initiate appropriate treatment and to help prevent signicant visual morbidity. Aim of this study is to determine theAims and objectives: prevalence and types of ocular manifestations in IBD. Patients attending the Gastroenterology outpatient department atMaterials and methods: R. G. Kar Medical college, Kolkata having diagnosed with IBD were selected for the study. They underwent complete ophthalmological examination. This study is a prospective observational study. Total of 160 patients were examined and ndings noted. The prevalence ofResults: ocular manifestations in our study was found to be 13.75%. The mean age was 32.5 years (23-63 years). There were 52 females (32.5%) and 108 males (67.5%). The mean duration of IBD was 5.4 years. Various ocular manifestations found in our study were 12 episcleritis (7.5%), 8 anterior uveitis (5%) and 2 scleritis (1.25%). Patients with IBD can have sight threatening ocular complications. They should be educatedConclusion: about the symptoms of ocular complications and advised to seek ophthalmic care promptly.
Background: The preterm and term neonates secret basal and reex tear. The tear deciency can cause various ocular and systemic effects of drugs, used topically. If there is any reduced reex and basal tear secretion then it may mask the diagnosis of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Aims And Objectives: To evaluate basal and reex tear production in preterm (post-conceptional age <37 weeks) and term (post conceptional age ≥37 weeks) neonates. Methods: 60 preterm and 60 term neonates were examined. Tear secretion was evaluated by applying Schirmer test strips at inferior fornix for 5 minutes before (reex plus basal secretion) and after (basal secretion) applying topical anesthetic agent. Results: Mean (± SD) basal tear secretion was 5.76 (±1.44) mm in preterm and 7.73 (±1.87) mm in term neonates. Mean (± SD) reex tear secretion was 7.01 (±1.34) mm in preterm and 12.45 (± 2.28) mm in term neonates. Conclusions: Preterm neonates have reduced reex and basal tear secretion than term neonates. In term neonates tear production is similar to that in adults.
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