Resistance exercise but not LEU supplementation promoted fiber type transition and improved glucose homeostasis in DEXA-treated rats.

The present study aimed to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity interval exercise training (ET) on exercise tolerance, cardiac morphometry and function, hemodynamic, and cardiac autonomic modulation in myocardial infarcted mice. Wild-type mice (WT) were divided into four groups: sedentary WT (S); WT myocardium infarction sedentary (IS); WT myocardium infarction underwent to moderate-intensity continuous ET (MICT), and WT myocardium infarction underwent to high-intensity interval ET (MIIT). After 60 days of descending coronary artery ligation, moderate-intensity continuous ET consisted of running at 60% of maximum, while the high-intensity interval training consisted of eight sprints of 4 min at 80% of maximum and a 4-min recovery at 40% of maximum. Both exercises were performed 1 hr a day, 5 days a week, during 8 weeks. Results demonstrated that IS showed elevated exercise tolerance, as well as decreased hemodynamic and heart function, and autonomic control. On the other hand, both programs of ET were equally effective to increase all parameters, without further differences between the groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that myocardial infarction leads to damage in both investigated strains and the two types of physical exercise attenuated the major impairments provoked by myocardial infarction in exercise tolerance, cardiac structure, cardiac function, hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic modulation.

BackgroundExacerbated oxidative stress is thought to be a mediator of arterial hypertension. It has been postulated that creatine (Cr) could act as an antioxidant agent preventing increased oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nine weeks of Cr or placebo supplementation on oxidative stress and cardiovascular parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).FindingsLipid hydroperoxidation, one important oxidative stress marker, remained unchanged in the coronary artery (Cr: 12.6 ± 1.5 vs. Pl: 12.2 ± 1.7 nmol·mg-1; p = 0.87), heart (Cr: 11.5 ± 1.8 vs. Pl: 14.6 ± 1.1 nmol·mg-1; p = 0.15), plasma (Cr: 67.7 ± 9.1 vs. Pl: 56.0 ± 3.2 nmol·mg-1; p = 0.19), plantaris (Cr: 10.0 ± 0.8 vs. Pl: 9.0 ± 0.8 nmol·mg-1; p = 0.40), and EDL muscle (Cr: 14.9 ± 1.4 vs. Pl: 17.2 ± 1.5 nmol·mg-1; p = 0.30). Additionally, Cr supplementation affected neither arterial blood pressure nor heart structure in SHR (p > 0.05).ConclusionsUsing a well-known experimental model of systemic arterial hypertension, this study did not confirm the possible therapeutic effects of Cr supplementation on oxidative stress and cardiovascular dysfunction associated with arterial hypertension.

Aim: To investigate the effects of low-intensity swimming training upon arterial blood pressure in 26-weeks-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods: The animals were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary (SED, n = 7) and trained (TR, n = 7). The aerobic training consisted of 90-min swimming sessions, five days a week. After nine weeks of intervention, the arterial blood pressure and heart rate were invasively measured using a catheter inserted into the femoral artery. Results: No significant differences were observed between groups for systolic arterial blood pressure (

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583 carbohydrate) were isonitrogenous and isocaloric with only the timing of the drinks differing. A 24 hour stay in a metabolic chamber confirmed negative energy balance while 24-hour urine collections determined nitrogen balance. RESULTS:The 3-day mean nitrogen balance was greater in the PRO + CHO trial (0.008 ± 1.655g N) trial than the CHO trial (-0.568 ± 1.361g N). The mean energy balance was (-188 ± 107 kcal) in the PRO+CHO trial and (-192 ± 74 kcal) in the CHO trial. CONCLUSION:Older individuals in negative energy balance maintain a more positive nitrogen balance by consuming protein after aerobic exercise as opposed to earlier in the day. (No relationships reported)Glucorcorticoids (GC) are well known for their therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects when used acutely and in low doses. In contrast, chronic and/or acute high doses of GC promote several side effects, such as skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance. Therefore, non-pharmacological therapies would minimize side effects induced by GC. Resistance exercise (RE) and leucine (LEU) supplementation increase protein synthesis and improve of glucose homeostasis. (No relationships reported)PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify obesity-induced alterations in regulatory mechanisms of skeletal muscle mass and how they would be altered with long term (8 weeks) AMPK-agonist treatment. METHODS:Eight week old male, lean (L) wild type [body weight (BW) = 26.9 g] and ob/ob (O) [BW = 46.2 g] mice were fed an AMP kinase (AMPK) activator,

Introduction: Recent evidence has suggested that creatine supplementation (Cr) can increase the bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur in healthy growing rats. Nevertheless, studies assessing the effi cacy of the Cr supplementation in conditions characterized by bone mass loss are scarce. Objective: To investigate the effect of Cr supplementation on BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), an experimental model of osteoporosis. Materials and methods: Sixteen 8-month-old male SHRs were randomly allocated into two groups matched by body weight: 1) Pl group: SHRs treated with placebo (distilled water; n = 8); and 2) Cr group: SHRs treated with Cr (n = 8). After nine weeks of supplementation, the animals were euthanized and their femur and spine (L1-L4) were analyzed by use of densitometry (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry). Results: No signifi cant difference was observed between the groups regarding either the spine or the total femur measures as follows: spine -BMD (Pl = 0.249 ± 0.003 g/cm 2 vs. Cr = 0.249 ± 0.004 g/cm 2 ; P = 0.95) and BMC (Pl = 0.509 ± 0.150 g vs. Cr = 0.509 ± 0.017 g; P > 0.99); and total femur -BMD (Pl = 0.210 ± 0.004 g/cm 2 vs. Cr = 0.206 ± 0.004 g/cm