NaP zeolite nano crystals were synthesized by sonochemical method at room temperature with crystallization time of 3h. For comparison, to insure the effect of sonochemical method, the hydrothermal method at conventional synthesis condition, with same initial sol composition was studied. NaP zeolites are directly formed by ultrasonic treatment without the application of autogenous pressure and also hydrothermal treatment. The effect of ultrasonic energy and irradiation time showed that with increasing sonication energy, the crystallinity of the powders decreased but phase purity remain unchanged. The synthesized powders were characterized by XRD, IR, DTA TGA, FESEM, and TEM analysis. FESEM images revealed that 50 nm zeolite crystals were formed at room temperature by using sonochemical method. However, agglomerated particles having cactus/cabbage like structure was obtained by sonochemical method followed by hydrothermal treatment. In sonochemical process, formation of cavitation and the collapsing of bubbles produced huge energy which is sufficient for crystallization of zeolite compared to that supplied by hydrothermal process for conventional synthesis. With increasing irradiation energy and time, the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite samples increased slightly.
In this work, DDR zeolites were synthesized by sonochemical method without the application of any heat energy at room temperature. The synthesized zeolites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectral analysis, and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD and IR results showed that phase pure DDR zeolite was started to form at room temperature after 24 h of aging and completed the formation after 5 d of aging. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the powder was found to be 202 m2/g. The FESEM micrograph and elemental analysis showed that desired atomic ratio of the DDR zeolite was obtained after 5 days of synthesis.
Three different types of zeolite having pore sizes in the range 0.26‐0.74 nm, (NaP, NaA, and NaY) powders and membranes are synthesized with different Si:Al ratio on low cost clay alumina tubular support. The results of the permeation and separation studies showed that the NaP zeolite powder and membrane removes maximum As(III) from the water solution (more than 80%) compared to other zeolites. The removal of As(III) to achieve drinking water standard, by zeolite membrane, in a single step process does not seem to have been reported before the present investigation. These are the novelty achieved.
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