Impact of asthma among primary attention children Background: Asthma is one of the chronic diseases that generates an impact on quality of life and major health care expenses. Aim: To evaluate the impact of asthma on primary atenttion expenses, the health related quality of life (HRQOL) and the sanitary resources use. Material and Methods: Follow up of a cohort of 56 asthmatic children aged 6 to 14 years (56% women), during 12 months. The severity and the impact of the disease on HRQOL was assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) video questionnaire and the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) respectively. Costs were derived from the number of medical attentions, hospital admissions, medication requirements, school absenteeism among patients and work absenteeism among caregivers. Results: Patients required twice the number of medical attentions than the general population. Fourteen percent of children had severe asthma. Compared with subjects without severe asthma, the latter required more attentions (3.8 and 9.7 attentions per year respectively, p< 0.01), had a lower PAQLQ score (4.1 ± 0.11 and 5.2 ± 1 respectively, p< 0.05) and a higher school absenteeism (10 and 27 days per year respectively, p < 0.01). Medication use was not different between patients with and without severe asthma. The yearly cost per patient was $ 106,550 (Chilean pesos). Conclusions: Asthma has a great impact on HRQOL and the use of primary attention resources, specially those children with severe asthma.
La traqueotomía (TQT) permite mantener la vía aérea permeable y la ventilación mecánica prolongada. El soporte ventilatorio no invasivo continuo (SVNI) junto con la insuflación-exuflación mecánica (MIE), son una alternativa en la mayoría de los casos. Pese a esto, la TQT sigue indicándose frecuentemente, limitando la transferencia al hogar, condicionando carga adicional de morbilidad. En los niños con obstrucción de la vía aérea superior (OVAS), salvo en los <2 años, la decanulación sigue lineamientos similares que en adultos. Los <12 años dependientes de ventilador, aun cuando sólo sea nocturna, son decanulados o extubados a SVNI más difícilmente que adultos con dependencia continua. La mejor estrategia es evitar la TQT e indicar SVNI en los pacientes colaboradores que cumplan criterios. Excepto pacientes con estridor por OVAS grave o enfermedad de la primera motoneurona y severo compromiso miopático. Para adolescentes y adultos, el criterio para la decanulación segura es un pico flujo exuflado máximo en MIE (PFE-MIE), con o sin tos, >150 L/m, mientras que la necesidad de traqueostomía ocurre cuando el MIE (PFE-MIE) esta bajo 10 ml/min, independiente del grado de dependencia del ventilador. En menores de 12 años, el éxito del SVNI reside en obtener interfaces confiables para su entrega, de lo contrario no podrían ser decanulados. Siendo escasos los protocolos de decanulación pediátrica. Nuestro objetivo es el de ponderar alternativas seguras y eficientes para la decanulación de la TQT. Siendo considerados pacientes con edades y enfermedades distintas, sabiendo que los más pequeños, no colaboradores y dependientes de ventilación aumentan el desafío.
In any educative system, orientation is considered as an indicator of quality. In High School the orientation is essential because of the possibility of choosing an occupation together with the difficulties of the attributive insertion. According to this situation, this investigation‘s objective is to validate the Multiple Learning Abilities Auto –efficiency Inventory that has been unfold specialists from The National University of Cordoba - Argentina who wanted to evaluate the auto conviction that individual possess in order to achieve different activities related to the different learning abilities put forward by Gardner in a context of professional development. The inventory was applied to 1285 student in 13 different schools from fourth and third secondary level in Sucre city. Psycho metric studies were made to determine this tool´s veracity and validity. The results show that the Different Learning Abilities Auto efficiency Inventory has acceptable psycho metric properties of veracity and validity.
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