In a population of older patients with HF, the rate of 30-day all-cause readmissions in a group of patients targeted for a pharmacy team-led postdischarge intervention was significantly lower than the all-cause readmission rate in a historical control group.
Objective. To compare the acceptance rates of written versus verbal pharmacotherapy recommendations made by pharmacy students on an ambulatory care advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). Methods. Fourth-year pharmacy students made written and verbal pharmacotherapy recommendations to resident physicians in an internal medicine clinic at an urban, teaching hospital over a 10-month period. The types of recommendations and outcomes of the interventions were recorded using a data collection form to determine differences in acceptance rates for written versus verbal recommendations. The recommendation types and corresponding acceptance rates were also compared. Results. Of 542 pharmacotherapy recommendations made by 14 APPE students during the 10-month study period, 65.1% were written and 34.9% were verbal. Of the 189 verbal recommendations, 97.9% were accepted, compared with 83.6% of written recommendations (p , 0.0001). The most frequent types of recommendations and overall rates of acceptance were dosage change (87.0%), laboratory monitoring (85.8%), and medication initiation based on evidence-based medicine guidelines (79.3%). Conclusion. Verbal pharmacotherapy recommendations made by pharmacy students were accepted by resident physicians at a significantly higher rate than written recommendations in an outpatient internal medicine clinic.
This commentary from the 2010 Task Force on Acute Care Practice Model of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy was developed to compare and contrast the "unit-based" and "service-based" orientation of the clinical pharmacist within an acute care pharmacy practice model and to offer an informed opinion concerning which should be preferred. The clinical pharmacy practice model must facilitate patient-centered care and therefore must position the pharmacist to be an active member of the interprofessional team focused on providing high-quality pharmaceutical care to the patient. Although both models may have advantages and disadvantages, the most important distinction pertains to the patient care role of the clinical pharmacist. The unit-based pharmacist is often in a position of reacting to an established order or decision and frequently is focused on task-oriented clinical services. By definition, the service-based clinical pharmacist functions as a member of the interprofessional team. As a team member, the pharmacist proactively contributes to the decision-making process and the development of patient-centered care plans. The service-based orientation of the pharmacist is consistent with both the practice vision embraced by ACCP and its definition of clinical pharmacy. The task force strongly recommends that institutions pursue a service-based pharmacy practice model to optimally deploy their clinical pharmacists. Those who elect to adopt this recommendation will face challenges in overcoming several resource, technologic, regulatory, and accreditation barriers. However, such challenges must be confronted if clinical pharmacists are to contribute fully to achieving optimal patient outcomes. Key Words: clinical pharmacist, clinical pharmacy, practice model, pharmacotherapy. (Pharmacotherapy 2012;32(2):e35-e44)The 2010 Task Force on Acute Care Practice Model of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy was charged with preparing this commentary to critically compare and contrast the "unit-based" and "service-based" acute care practice models for the delivery of clinical pharmacy services and relate these practice models to the definition of clinical pharmacy and other relevant ACCP documents. The task force's charge reflected concern that the unitbased model, which has evolved in many acute care settings, places the clinical pharmacist in an intrinsically reactive position in the therapeutic decision-making process. Thus, rather than having the opportunity to participate proactively in the evaluation and selection A C C P C O M M E N T A R Y
Fifty-seven, Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP), doctoral programs were invited to participate in a survey. The researchers wanted to know the extent to which multicultural issues were addressed in coursework, practicum, and scholarship, as well as faculty members who participate in multicultural professional development, teaching, supervision, and research. Results show that the majority of programs surveyed have at least one multicultural course. Although junior faculty were more involved in all areas of multicultural training, where senior faculty were involved, additional multicultural courses were required and a subspecialty was available.
Student engagement is key to the success of schools and colleges of pharmacies in meeting their mission and programmatic needs. Student engagement in the pharmacy profession often occurs before acceptance to pharmacy school and is essential during students' formal period of study both for the student's professional growth and in meeting the mission of the school. Alumni engagement is vital to a school's continued success in regard to engaging with current students and support of their alma mater. The committee offers best practice recommendations for engaging students in service, scholarship, education, professional practice and continuing professional development.
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