We have developed a method for demonstration and quantitation of I n f e t a l r a b b i t s , a l a t e g e s t a t i o n a l r i s e i n lung a n t i o x i d a n t the anionic charge sites i n human alveolar-capillary basement membrane enzyme a c t i v i t y E u p e r o x i d e dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glu-(ABM). Fixed-frozen sections of normal lung were incubated w i t h the t a t h i o n e p e r o x i d a s e (~~) J o c c u r s which p a r a l l e l s s u r f a c t a n t decationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) and processed for electron velopment, and which may r e p r e s e n t a n o t h e r important " p r e p a r a t i o n microscopy using methods recently described for kidney (NEJM 309:1001, f o r b i r t h " phenomenon (Peds. Res. z : 1 3 2 A , 1 9 8 3 ) .We have now i n -1983). Results: a t e d phosphatidyl-choline(DSPC), and a n t i o x i d a n t enzymes t o de-1200 24.7 t e r m i n e whether DEX, i n a d d i t i o n t o s t i m u l a t i n g s u r f a c t a n t pro-38 wks normal 1200 24.4 d u c t i o n , would a l s o a f f e c t 0 2 -p r o t e c t i v e enzyme development. Thus, p r e n a t a l DEX t r e a t m e n t r e s u l t s i n a n a c c e l e r a t i o n of t h e of the probe. Smaller numbers of sites are also present i n the lamina normal developmental i n c r e a s e i n l u n g a n t i o x i d a n t enzyme a c t i v irara interna and on c e l l membranes. Alteration of anionic charges i n t y which o c c u r s l a t e i n g e s t a t i o n i n t h e r a t ( a s i n t h e r a b b i t ) .the ABM may influence permeability of negatively-charged proteinThe DEX-treated prematurely-born may t h u s b e i n a more f a v o r a b l e across the membrane. This hypothesis can now be assessed i n man by biochemical s t a t e t o a v o i d t o x i c l u n g changes a s s o c i a t e d w i t h this method.( t h e r e l a t i v e l y 02-rich ex u t e r o environment and) any supplemental hyperoxic t r e a t m e n t i t may r e q u i r e .MEMBRANE POTENTIAL RESPONSES OF TYPE I 1 CELLS DURING SURFACTANT SECRETION, Jacob N. F i n k e l s t e i n , Richard 1769 L. Gallo, Robert ti. N o t t e r and Donald L. Shapiro, U n i v e r s i t v o f Rochester School o f Medicine, Department o f Pediat r i c s (~e b n a t o l o~~) , Rochester, NY We s t u d i e d membrane p o t e n t i a l s o f t h e plasma (Ep) and m i t oc h o n d r i a l (Em) membranes o f i s o l a t e d type I 1 a l v e o l a r e p i t h e l i a l c e l l s under basal c o n d i t i o n s and d u r i n g s u r f a c t a n t s e c r e t i o n . Ep and Em o f f r e s h l y i s o l a t e d r a b b i t type I 1 c e l l s was measured by determining t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n r a t i o s o f t h e l a b e l e d i o n i c probes triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP') and ~b', under condit i o n s which e l i m i n a t e potential-independent accumulation o f probes. Under basal c o n d i t i o n s Ep was found t o be -63+4mV, simi l a r t o values obtained i n o t h e r s e c r e t o r y e p i t h e l i a l c e l l s . S t i m u l a t i o n o...

ABSTRACT. The surfactant system and the antioxidant enzyme system of the fetal lung have chronologically similar developmental patterns and both can be accelerated by the administration of exogenous glucocorticoids. To test whether the antioxidant enzyme system, like the surfactant system, is regulated, at least in part, by endogenous glucocorticoids, we injected pregnant rats for 3 days prior to delivery with me&rapone, an adrenal 11-/3 hydroxylase inhibitor which crosses the ~lacenta and blocks endogenous glucocorticoid synthesis, o; saline. Metyrapone ofispring had significantly decreased lung tissue disaturated phosphatidylcholine and disaturatedphosphatidylcholine/total phospholipids ( p < 0.05) compared to controls at days 21 and 22 of gestation. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were similarly significantly reduced ( p < 0.01) in the lungs of metyrapone offspring at both gestational days studied. One day premature metyrapone pups demonstrated poorer survival than control pups from 25 min after delivery (44% survival versus 83%, p < 0.05) to 90 min (6% survival versus 78%, p < 0.01). These findings of delayed maturation of the surfactant and antioxidant enzyme systems following adrenal glucocorticoid blockade suggest that both systems are regulated, at least in part, by an endogenous glucocorticoid mechanism. (Pediatr Res 20: 672-675, 1986) Abbreviations DSPC, disaturated phosphatidylcholine TPL, total phospholipids AOE, antioxidant enzymes SOD, superoxide dismutase CAT, catalase GP, glutathione peroxidaseThe developmental patterns of the surfactant system and the antioxidant enzyme system of the fetal lung are chronologically similar, with both systems demonstrating marked increases during the final 10-15% of gestation in the several species studied (1-3). Both systems are important in the neonatal adaptation to independent respiration in the relatively oxygen-rich ex utero Received December 16, 1985; accepted March 11, 1986. Address all correspondence to Ilene R. environment. While the surfactant system provides reduction in alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse at end expiration, the antioxidant enzyme system of the lung prevents cell injury from reactive species of oxygen which are produced under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions (4-6). Multiple lines of evidence indicate that surfactant development is regulated, in part, by endogenous glucocorticoids: elevation of plasma glucocorticoid levels prior to the increase in surfactant (7), the presence of and increase in glucocorticoid receptors in fetal lung prior to elevation in surfactant (8-lo), and delays in surfactant maturation following interference with glucocorticoid production either biochemically (i.e. with metyrapone) or surgically (i.e. by fetal decapitation or hypophysectomy) (1 1-15).It has recently been demonstrated that the maturation of the pulmonary AOE, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as surfactant (as measured ...

No abstract

No abstract

Thirty patients with histologically confirmed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) were treated by either cold knife, laser, or electrosurgical loop conization, all of which were performed under general anesthesia. The three methods were compared with respect to the immediate surgical complications, ease of performance, delayed complications, and quality of histologic specimens. The electrosurgical loop conization had decreased blood loss and reduced operative time and proved to be tissue sparing. There were no significant differences in the three groups in the persistence rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CN) after treatment. Histologic analysis revealed comparable coagulation artifact in the laser and electrosurgical loop groups that the cold knife group did not have. The endocervical component of the electrocautery showed extensive denudation and coagulation artifact that made recognition of CIN extremely difficult. We conclude that the electrocautery should be used only as an excisional method of the transformation zone for lesions well defined on the ectocervix, since it is unreliable if the lesion extends into the endocervix.