No abstract

Much of nursing education is moving online, and faculty must learn to deliver content and communicate differently. A hybrid model of concept development provided insight into faculty's perceptions and expressions of online caring presence. Phase one of concept development revealed many related concepts. Phase two involved (a) six qualitative interviews with doctoral-prepared nursing faculty who taught 100% online, and (b) Watson's Ten Caritas Processes were revised for application in online nursing education and used as a guide for course review. Four themes emerged from the interview data: (a) online teaching experiences, (b) similarities and differences between online and face-to-face teaching, (c) online presence, and (d) online caring presence. Course review suggested that faculty promoted helping-trusting-caring relationships and addressed individual learning needs. Phase three integrated findings from phases one and two; a comprehensive definition of online caring presence was developed. Recommendations regarding technology and communication skill acquisition and Caritas Process application are suggested.

Merozoites from hepatic and megaloschizonts are bounded by a single membrane and are slightly irregular in shape. They possess a single nucleus and mitochondrion, and electron-dense paired organelles associated with a polar ring. Hepatic merozoites develop in polychromatic and mature erythrocytes to form round gametocytes. Those from megaloschizonts develop in white cells, primarily lymphocytes, to form elongate gametocytes. Unlike hepatic merozoites the sex of the megalomerozoites can be recognized while they are still within the schizont. The cytoplasm of female merozoites, like that of mature gametocytes, is considerably darker than that of the male because of the density of ribosomes in the former. Mature macrogametocytes contain a compact nucleus, accumulations of dense material, mitochondria, lipid inclusions, and small electron-dense bodies. Microgametocytes have a lighter cytoplasm containing a large nucleus bounded by a double membrane with invaginations in which mitochondria are found. Mature gametocytes are bounded by an 11-layered pellicle. Endogenous bands of microtubules were observed in elongate gametocytes but not in the round forms. Feeding appears to be restricted to diffusion in immature gametocytes and to pinocytotic uptake of host cytoplasm in maturing forms. The peculiar dimorphism of gametocytes and their possible significance in the life cycle are discussed.

No abstract

The findings of this study will help improve the understanding of the health-seeking experience of North Korean women defectors and provide valuable resources to assist in caring for their health needs. This will contribute to preparing the groundwork to enhance the quality of their remaining life in South Korea.

The aging population in the United States is predicted to become one fifth of the population by 2050. With that increase, more individuals in the country will be experiencing chronic health conditions and the need for care, with end of life (EoL) becoming more of a topic that needs to be discussed. This study aims to explore the ways adult children talk to their parents about EoL, death, and dying. We discovered six themes: protection, meeting needs, guilt and regret, control, family dynamics, and communication type. Each of these was prevalent in responses to how adult children cope, how they cared for their parent, and how hope played into the interactions. We believe these themes will be helpful in developing a quantitative scale to study EoL further and be practical in helping adult children cope following death of their parent.

No abstract

Watson's Theory of Human Caring lends theoretical structure to nursing curricula grounded in Caring Science. A key principle within the theory is the caring trusting teacher-student relationship. This relationship can be threatened by the need to relay instructional feedback to students when performance has fallen below standards. The tension resulting from this exchange is uncomfortable to all concerned and can damage the relationship and lead to even worse student performance. Nursing literature has not reported studies addressing this problem. Communication studies have extensive reports of such research. Feedback Intervention Theory (FIT) is based on skilled facework to improve student outcomes and protect the caring trusting relationship. This theory had not been applied in a nursing educational setting. The purpose of this action research study was to explore the use of communication techniques based on FIT as a tool for nursing faculty to provide successful instructional feedback while protecting the integrity of the caring-trusting relationship between teacher and student. Study participants reported positive changes in their professional communication related to instructional vii feedback and changed the way such communication is delivered to students so that the culture of caring is supported.