The study was conducted in Central Brahmaputra Valley and Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam in India. Primary data of 240 sample farms by personal interview schedule method and Logit Regression Analysis was used for examining the factors affecting farm mechanization adoption. All data collected from sample farms pertains to the year 2014-15.With the help of logit regression different factors affecting the mechanization adoption was examined in the sample households where seven explanatory variable to explain mechanization adoption viz., age of the head of household i.e. AGE, education level of the household i.e. EDU, size of land holdings i.e. LHD, access to irrigation i.e. IRA, access to extension agents i. e. EXT, area under high yielding varieties i.e. HYA and the access to institutional credit i.e. BLN were included and the negative value of the coefficient of AGE showed that the younger generation of farmers favoured the mechanization of farm much more compared to the old block. The coefficient of EDU (4.325) was positive and highly significant level confirming that the adoption of farm mechanization was more prevalent among the farms having relatively literate in the study area. It was found from the above analysis that there were different factors which affect the farm mechanization. Linkage of extension functionaries with the grassroots level by creating awareness about the use of farm machineries amongst the farmers.
Farm mechanization is considered as important pathways of agricultural development. A farming system cannot sustain with the traditional system. The mechanization of farm is also inductive to the diversification of the cropping pattern as it enables farmer to raise a second crop or multi crop ultimately raising cropping intensity. The study was conducted in Central Brahmaputra Valley and Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of mechanization on cropping pattern and cropping intensity .Primary data were collected with the help of specially design pretested schedule by interview method. Thus, a sample of 240 farmers had been taken for the study. Cropping intensity was higher in case of all mechanize farm than bullock operated farm not only individual size groups but all farm size taken together. Tractor Hired Farm had the highest cropping intensity (162.21 per cent) followed by Power Tiller Hired Farm (161.49 per cent) and Tractor Operated Farm (152.00) per cent) and Power Tiller Operated Farm (154.62 per cent), respectively. In case Bullock Operated Farm cropping intensity showed positive relationship with farm size but reverse was the in case of each mechanized farm. Mechanized farm had higher cropping intensity which was confirmed by regression analysis that in all the categories of farm had positive significant relationship with cropping intensity but farm size and cropping intensity had highly significant inverse relationship. Cropping pattern of different categories of mechanized farms slightly shifted to high valued crops while in case of Bullock Operated Farm it was remain sali rice biased as usual. Mechanization showed an impact on increasing cropping intensities in the study area where Tractor Ownership Farm by hiring appeared to be the most important form of mechanization as it depicted a very high significant relationship with the cropping intensity in the study area. Cooperative management of farm machinery, financing of second-hand tractors for small farmers should be given for strengthening mechanization amongst the small farmers in the study area.
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Debates on post 9/11 attack consequences on 'Muslim world', in particular, and different countries of the world, in general, have been an issue of close watch for everyone. In a recently watched documentary movie 'The President is Coming', the sarcastic emphasis on one of Bush many single line gimmick-'when we are talking of war we are actually talking about peace'-actually summarises attitude of the United States in the present state of affairs.Mahapatra threads historically, American encounter and perception of Islam with special focus on implication on India in the wake of attack on the Twin Tower. The book is a volume that offers a valuable summary of the United State's tenuous relationship with the Islamic world.Not informed by much refreshing analytical departure, The US Approach to the Islamic World in Post 9/11 Era begins with a realistic analysis of religion as an integral part of not only individual life but also of national and international affairs. The first paragraph of the preface of the book sets the pace that revivalism of the political Islam has been the root cause of many burning issues as has been the case in history with the revivalism of any religion for that matter.The first two chapters of the book-American Encounter with Islam and the Muslims and American Perception of Islam-in fact, give a base to the present nature of the US reaction to this 'other' world. Emphasising the fact that America is in contact with Islam and Muslim population for more than 200 years now has been adopting not very well-defined policies towards challenges posed by several Muslim 'worlds' due to the existential reality of they being linguistically, ethnically as well as politically diverse groups. The author rightly points that as long as there is no challenge to its foreign policies and diplomacy, the US has had a long association with Muslim world. So, aftermath 9/11, the context of international relations has changed and 'Muslim world' relates to entire Muslim population.In the second chapter, the author brought into discussion the thesis of 'clash of civilization' by Samuel Huntington. Although the US diplomatic statements negate this concept, its discussion cannot be withdrawn due to the relevant chain of events. However, the quotations like 'red menace is gone but Islam is there', 'global hegemony is challenged by East Asian and Islamic civilization' (p. 26) show the US tendency of swinging between rivalry and collaboration according to its convenience in order to maintain global hegemony. So, when the author puts that the US government and NGOs are soul searching on true cause of anti-American sentiments, it is really a questionable understanding of the situation.The category of hysteria of cold war and beyond runs through two chapters-Washington's Approach to Political Islam during Cold War and Islam in the Post cold War Era, depicting the policies adopted by various governments in the US under Reagan, senior Bush, Clinton and Bush junior towards Islam and Muslim countries. During this entire period, the ...
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