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Metabolic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated in Indian teleostean fishes, namely, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), for an exposure to 30 days of Excel Mera 71 (17.2 mg/L), a glyphosate formulation, and subsequent depuration under Liv.52, a plant extract at a dose of 187.5 mg/d/250 L for the same period in the same tissues under laboratory condition. ALT activity was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in all the tissues and raised up to 229.19% in liver of A. testudineus (229.19%) and 128.61% in liver of H. fossilis. AST also increased significantly (P < 0.05) and was maximum in liver of H. fossilis (526.19%) and minimum in gill of A. testudineus (124.38%). ALP activity was also raised highly in intestine of H. fossilis (490.61%) but was less in kidney of H. fossilis (149.48%). The results indicated that Excel Mera 71 caused alterations in the metabolic enzymatic activities in fish tissues and AST showed the highest alteration in both the fishes, while lowest in ALP and ALT in A. testudineus and H. fossilis, respectively. During depuration under Liv.52, all the enzyme activities came down towards the control condition which indicated the compensatory response by the fish against this herbicidal stress and it was in the following order: AST > ALT > ALP, in A. testudineus, while H. fossilis showed the following trend: ALT > AST > ALP. Therefore, these parameters could be used as indicators of herbicidal pollution in aquatic organisms and were recommended for environmental monitoring for investigating the mechanism involved in the recovery pattern.

The present investigation was carried out to compare the alterations of digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and protease activities in three teleostean fishes viz., Anabas testudineus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Oreochromis niloticus after application of almix herbicide for 30 days at rice field concentration i.e., 8 g/acre. Highest amylase activity was observed in intestine of A. testudineus (300.76%) and lowest in intestine of H. fossilis (103.89%), while maximum lipase activity was found in stomach of O. niloticus (203.27%) and lowest in stomach of H. fossilis (109.65%). Protease activity was also highest in liver of O. niloticus (270.47%) but lowest in stomach of H. fossilis (114.04%). Changes in the enzymes’ activity were different in respect to fishes and their tissues. According to this analysis, A. testudineus and O. niloticus were more sensitive. So, it can be inferred that long-term exposure of almix even at environment-friendly concentration may cause alterations in the digestive functions.