The paper wishes to show the main Roman legal rules connected with waters. These rules are discussed in the following order: (1) the legal position of the sea and the seashore; (2) the rules connected with public rivers (ownership rules, provisions for the sake of the undisturbed navigation, flood protection measures); (3) the rules of building, using, repairing of the public works connected with waters (bridges, aqueducts, sewers, baths); (4) predial servitudes connected with water; (5) the problems of damage caused by rainwater in the field of neighbouring rights (the rules of the actio aquae pluviae arcendae).
The paper wants to give an overview of the moral and legal rules which protected the natural and built environment in ancient Rome. These rules prove that environment protection is not a modern invention. A bonus et diligens pater familias was morally obliged to cultivate his own agricultural land carefully. Both air and water pollution was legally sanctioned. A house-owner had to keep his own building in good condition. Each person was to keep the street outside his own house in repair and clean. Demolition of both private and public buildings was strictly restricted. It is true that in ancient Rome environment protection was not full scope (e.g., animal protection was absent from Roman law), but many elements of environment were legally protected.
Az uratlan méheken a római jog szerint okkupációval lehetett tulajdont szerezni, ami azok kasokba zárásával valósult meg. A méhek feletti tulajdonjog mindaddig fennmaradt, amíg azok nem vesztették el visszatérési hajlamukat. A kasok és a méhek a telek felszereléséhez tartoztak. A telek feletti haszonélvezeti jog a méhekre is kiterjedt. Hagyományrendelés esetén a méz élelemnek, a mézes bor édességnek minősült. A mézes bor készítését bizonyos esetekben dologegyesülésnek, más esetekben feldolgozásnak tekintették. Diocletianus meghatározta a különböző fajtájú mézek maximális piaci árát.
No abstract
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