We identified 12 erythromycin-and clindamycin-resistant emm 90 group A streptococcus (GAS) isolates during a retrospective invasive disease survey in Hawaii. A comparison with 20 type-matched isolates showed all resistant isolates to be emm 90.4b with the constitutive or inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotype (cMLS B or iMLS B ). All isolates had the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern, suggesting clonal spread.The erythromycin resistance rate (ϳ3%) has been low among group A streptococcus (GAS) isolates in Hawaii, where impetigo, acute rheumatic fever, and clusters of necrotizing fasciitis have been reported (5-7, 8-10; G. Erdem, G. Matsuura, G. Wheelen, C. Mizumoto, D. Esaki, and P. V. Effler, presented at the XVIIth Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases, Porto Heli, Greece, 2008). During a retrospective survey of 250 GAS cultures collected from patients with invasive GAS disease identified between the years 2005 and 2007, the reviews of the clinical information incidentally showed erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in five patients. emm typing of these isolates showed a single emm type: emm 90.4b. In addition to these five isolates, 15 additional isolates from individual patients with invasive disease were emm type 90.4b. The high percentage of invasive isolates (8%) belonging to this infrequent emm type and associated drug resistance prompted us to characterize the associated drug resistance patterns. We wanted to compare the resistance patterns among the isolates identified during this survey and other emm type 90 isolates identified from patients with noninvasive disease during our previous surveys. Of the 20 invasive GAS isolates, 12 were from blood cultures. Eight isolates were identified from wound cultures of inpatients with severe skin and soft tissue infections. Twelve additional emm type 90 pharyngeal isolates from our archived collection of 1,660 GAS isolates (collected from 1997 to 2007) were studied.(Preliminary data were presented in part at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 58th Annual Meeting in November 2009.) emm sequencing (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/biotech/strep /strepblast.htm) was done for all isolates. Etest methodology (AB Biodisk, Piscataway, NJ) was used to determine MICs for erythromycin and clindamycin (2, 3). The erythromycin-clindamycin double disk test was applied to resistant isolates. The "blunting" in the inhibition zone around the clindamycin disk next to the erythromycin disk was interpreted to be an inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotype (iMLS B ), and susceptibility to clindamycin with no blunting indicated the M phenotype. The mef(A), erm(B), erm(A) (20), and erm(TR) resistance genes and prtF1 were detected by PCR amplification (11,19,23,24,26,27). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed with a Chef-DR III apparatus (Bio-Rad) after SmaI digestion.All (20 isolates showing resistance to both clindamycin (MIC, 3 to 4 g/m...