Cancer and psychiatric symptoms commonly co-occur. The frequency is about 50%, and those most important for urology are depression, anxiety, and probably post-traumatic stress disorder. There is a strong relationship between psychological distress and cancer pain. This review provides information on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for psychiatric diseases, which are important for oncology patients in urology. Special advice is given for the doctor-patient relationship and communication.
Double-blind controlled studies are essential in the investigation of new compounds. But results of methodologically well performed open studies are valid and deserve more attention. Preceding open trials may help in the design of double-blind studies.
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