Background: Along with its rapid economic growth, Korea has been undergoing considerable changes in the diet. But the influence of these changes on nutrition and health profiles has scarcely been investigated. Objective: We explored secular trends in dietary patterns to clarify their influence on obesity and its related risk factors among Korean adolescents using data from three consecutive Korean Nutrition Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Design: Using data from the three KNHANES, 4347 adolescents (1572 from 1998, 1484 from 2001, and 1291 from 2005), who completed a 24-h diet recall, were included in the analysis. Percentiles of BMI were used to determine obesity; abdominal obesity was identified by waist circumference; and serum triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol ¼ high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol were measured for obesity-related risk factors. Results: We identified evident three dietary patterns: 'traditional' (45.8% of total population), 'modified' (19%), and 'western' (35.2%). Secular trends were observed in dietary patterns, with a decline in the traditional diet pattern and gradual increases in the modified and western patterns. The percent of energy from fat increased over time, and it was positively associated with abdominal obesity in boys. The western dietary pattern increased the risk of being overweight (P ¼ 0.05) and having elevated serum triglycerides (P ¼ 0.07) in boys. Conclusions: Gradual changes over time in dietary patterns are occurring in Korean adolescents. The emerging western dietary pattern and high-fat intake could negatively affect the adolescent population studied here in later life; therefore, appropriate monitoring is suggested.

Objective To evaluate the eÂect of sociodemographic, tism (IPSS Á8). A multivariate analysis of all significant factors was performed to examine the joint eÂect dietary and physical factors on prostatism in Korean men aged 50 and over.of risk factors. Results Of 514 subjects, 119 (23.2%) had moderate to Subjects and methods A community-based crosssectional epidemiological study was performed in severe prostatism, the risk for which was related to age and alcohol consumption; waist-to-hip ratio Yonchon County, Korea. The Korean version of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was used (which represents the degree of abdominal obesity) and the serum level of HDL showed a biphasic associto assess the severity of prostatism. Data on occupation, marital status, education, smoking habits, ation with prostatism in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion In addition to previously reported risk facalcohol intake, daily consumption of nutrients, body mass index, abdominal circumference, waist-to-hip tors, these data suggest that there might be an association between the development of prostatism and ratio, blood pressure, serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels abnormal lipid metabolism. Keywords Prostatism, risk factor, epidemiology were analysed. The age-adjusted relative risk of these factors was calculated for moderate to severe prosta-

The newly developed NDB for DS will be an important resource for more accurate assessment of nutrient intake as well as evaluation of the relationship between nutrition and health. Further research is needed to update a more comprehensive NDB applicable to diverse populations.

DS use by children and adolescents can improve micronutrient status, but it also increases the risk of excessive intake of certain vitamins and minerals.