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Preparation of silver nanoparticles have been carried out using aqueous extract of lemon leaves (Citrus limon) which acts as reducing agent and encapsulating cage for the silver nanoparticles. These silver nanoparticles have been used for durable textile finish on cotton and silk fabrics. Remarkable antifungal activity has been observed in the treated fabrics. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles derived from lemon leaves showed enhancement in activity due to synergistic effect of silver and essential oil components of lemon leaves. The present investigation shows the extracellular synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles by biotransformation using the extract of lemon leaves by controlled reduction of the Ag ? ion to Ag 0 . Further the silver nanoparticles were used for antifungal treatment of fabrics which was tested by antifungal activity assessment of textile material by Agar diffusion method against Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria brassicicola. Formation of the metallic nanoparticles was established by FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy.

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A new approach for natural dyeing with anthocyanin has been discussed along with a convenient method of extraction. Anthocyanin from Hibiscus flowers has been extracted by developing a method using methanolic solution of 4% citric acid. The new method gave better yield of anthocyanin as compared with methanolic solution of 0.1% hydrochloric acid. It has been also shown that pH of the extract plays an important role on the dye, thus by adjusting the pH of the extract at 4, dyeing of cotton and silk together with metal mordanting gave different colors. The best dyeing results were obtained for stannous mordanted fabrics in terms of fastness properties. The role of metal ion complexation of stannous salt with the dye extract has been confirmed through UV-Vis and FTIR spectra. Antioxidant activity of the anthocyanin extract seemed to have contributed to enhance the fastness properties of the dyed fabrics.