<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hoarseness is defined as roughness of voice resulting from variations of periodicity or intensity of consecutive sound waves. Hoarseness is a symptom not a disease.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was carried out in the Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, SMGS Hospital, Jammu over a period of 2 years from March 2016 to February 2018. During this period the patients who presented with hoarseness of voice were evaluated. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 100 cases were studied. Average age group was found to be between 15-85 years. The number of female patients were 36 (36%) and male 64 (64%). In the present series the most common lesion was vocal nodule (30%) followed by vocal polyp (23%), squamous cell carcinoma (16%), papilloma (10%), Reinkes oedema (9%), keratosis (7%), vocal cord paralysis (4%) and laryngeal tuberculosis (1%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Hoarseness is a common symptom of laryngeal dysfunction. The micro laryngeal surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to correct voice disorder or other problems affecting the larynx.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diseases of the thyroid continue to be a common clinical problem having a prevalence rate of 4 to 7% in the general population.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, SMGS Hospital, Jammu from January 2018 to January 2020. A thorough history taking, meticulous clinical examination, routine hematological and biochemical investigations were done in all the patients. General examination of the patient was done and looked for thyroid functional abnormality followed by local examination was carried out to locate and identify the site of the swelling, shape, size and consistency of the thyroid swelling and clinical diagnosis was made. All thyroid swelling cases were subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The type of thyroidectomy is based on the size and type of thyroid whether neoplastic or non-neoplastic. All the specimens were sent for histopathological examination. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 60 patients in the study, 56 were females and only 4 were males. The most common age group was 31 to 40 years seen in 24 (40%) patients. The most common presenting symptom was swelling in the neck seen in 58 (96.67%) patients. The most common diagnosis on FNAC was colloid goiter seen in 40 (66.67%) patients. The most common was benign nodular colloid goiter seen in 35 (58.33%) patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Fine needle aspiration is a very useful and indispensible test in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Oral cancer consists of a group of neoplasms affecting any region of the oral cavity. This term is commonly used interchangeably with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), representing the most frequent of all oral neoplasms. Factors affecting the development of the oral squamous cell carcinoma are tobacco use, alcohol consumption, low socio-economic status, poor hygiene, poor diet, viral infection like HPV, ill-fitting dentures, jagged teeth.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> An institution based retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of ENT, GMC Jammu, including the records of the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma admitted from June 2016 to July 2019. 80 patients of oral carcinoma were included in the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Male to female ratio was 5.1:1. Mean age of presentation was 49.2±4.1 with most of the cases presenting in the 6<sup>th</sup> decade. 27 (33.75%) patients had history of chewing tobacco alone, 17 (21%) had smoking with chewing tobacco and 10 (12.5 %) smoking with alcohol. 52% patients presented with growth of tongue (52%) followed by buccal mucosa (17.5%) and other sites. Histopathological grading of OSCC showed predominance of well differentiated cancer in 44 cases (55%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Cases of OSCC are increasing day by day in young generation due to increasing exposure to the risk habits which are easily accessible to them.</p>
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