Our objective was to perform translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test 22 (SNOT-22) to Spanish language. SNOT-22 was translated, back translated, and a pretest trial was performed. The study included 119 individuals divided into 60 cases, who met diagnostic criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis 2012; and 59 controls, who reported no sino-nasal disease. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha test, reproducibility with Kappa coefficient, reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), validity with Mann-Whitney U test and responsiveness with Wilcoxon test. In cases, Cronbach's alpha was 0.91 both before and after treatment, as for controls, it was 0.90 at their first test assessment and 0.88 at 3 weeks. Kappa coefficient was calculated for each item, with an average score of 0.69. ICC was also performed for each item, with a score of 0.87 in the overall score and an average among all items of 0.71. Median score for cases was 47, and 2 for controls, finding the difference to be highly significant (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001). Clinical changes were observed among treated patients, with a median score of 47 and 13.5 before and after treatment, respectively (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). The effect size resulted in 0.14 in treated patients whose status at 3 weeks was unvarying; 1.03 in those who were better and 1.89 for much better group. All controls were unvarying with an effect size of 0.05. The Spanish version of the SNOT-22 has the internal consistency, reliability, reproducibility, validity and responsiveness necessary to be a valid instrument to be used in clinical practice.
El comportamiento sedentario conlleva al aumento de la fatiga muscular, esto debido a que existe menor producción de óxido nítrico, menor flujo sanguíneo, predisponiendo a la generación de lesiones músculos esqueléticas. En Chile la población sedentaria mayor de 18 años alcanza el 86,7% según la última Encuesta Nacional De Salud 2016-2017. Objetivo: demostrar el efecto de los programas de intervención realizados para prevenir lesiones músculo esqueléticasen personas sedentarias que inician una actividad deportiva. Método: se efectuó una revisión de la literatura científica en bases de datosy en función de criterios de elegibilidad se seleccionaron nueve artículos. Resultados: se escogieron el 18% de los artículos seleccionados obteniendo nueve artículos de un total de 49 artículos atingentes encontrados en la búsqueda.Conclusiones: se destacan como efectivos aquellos programas con una frecuencia de tres a cinco días; con un volumen de intensidad semanal bajo o medio, según la frecuencia escogida; en los cuales el plan de entrenamiento considera ejercicios de movilidad articular, ejercicios excéntricos y entrenamiento propioceptivo; no se define una duración determinada para la sesión de entrenamiento,para conseguir cambios significativos. Abstract. Sedentary behaviors lead to increased muscle fatigue, this due to lower nitric oxide production, lower blood flow, predisposing to the generation of skeletal muscle injuries. In Chile, sedentary population over the age of 18 years reaches 86.7% according to the latest National Health Survey 2016-2017.Objective: to demonstrate the effect of intervention programs performed to prevent skeletal muscle injuries. Method: A review of the scientific literature was carried out in databases and nine articles were selected based on eligibility criteria. Results: 18% of the articles were chosen from a total of 49 in the list of items found in the search. Conclusions: programs with a frequency of three to five days are highlighted as effective; with low or medium weekly intensity volume, it depends on the chosen frequency; the training plans include joint mobility exercises, eccentric exercises, and proprioceptive training; there is no fixed duration for the training session to achieve significant changes.
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