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IMPROVEMENT OF MICROCAPSULES ADHESION TO FABRICS ABSTRACTThe presence of microcapsules has increased in textile field. They have been applied as a possibility to introduce new products to textiles such as fragrances, antibiotic, skin hydrant, etc. This work studies the resin influence on the adhesion of microcapsules to cotton fabrics. To paste microcapsules to fabrics, they should be in contact with a bath which contains microcapsules resin and water. Different resin concentrations were applied to fragrances microcapsules bath by impregnation. The research was focused to determine the influence of resin quantity in the microcapsules resistance to go out from the fabrics while washing treatments. Two experimental techniques, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Counter apparatus, are used in order to determinate this influence.We can conclude that with higher quantity of resin, more microcapsules remain on the fabric surface. It is shown than longer microcapsules go out from the fabric faster than the little ones. KEY WORDS Adhesion Resin Microcapsules FabricCotton

Microcapsules are widely used, being one of the fields which has increased their consumption the textile one. They can be applied to textiles using different methods such as, padding, bath exhaustion, spraying and foaming. Although the most extended industrial application is by padding commercial brands also suggest bath exhaustion as a possible procedure. In the research reported herein, bath exhaustion treatments are compared to padding. XPS (Photoelectronic spectroscopy of X-Rays) technique showed it was a suitable method to detect microcapsules presence on fabric surface. Results reported that high concentrations were required to obtain similar behaviours to those of padding. Moreover, we suggested reusing bath exhaustion baths, in order to minimise the loss of so much product in wastewater. We concluded it was not possible because microcapsules deflate when get in touch with water for a period of time, and what is more interesting, microcapsules preparation must be done just immediately before they are going to be used, so as to avoid microcapsules deflation due to contact with water.

Microcapsules can be added to fabric in industrial processes however, they have not been widely spread among industrial companies. In this study we suggest the possibility of reloading microcapsules onto a fabric while cloths are washed. The effectiveness of different resins when microcapsules are applied in washing machine during domestic laundry process has been studied.Microcapsules containing lavender fragrance and melamine formaldehyde shell where adhered to the fabric by means of one acrylic acid as a resin, or some crosslinking agents such as butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) or succinic acid (SUC). In order to evaluate their behaviour some laundering or ironing tests were conducted according to international standards (ISO). Every sample from the laboratory was studied with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and with a particle size counter. As a result we could observe which was the most suitable auxiliary used to bond microcapsules to fabric, and conclude about the conditions (temperature, concentration, etc.) in which we obtained the optimal results. It was demonstrated that domestic laundry is a suitable process to incorporate microcapsules to garments.

Abstract.Microencapsulated products are very common in some fields such as pharmacy and the textile industry has recently incorporated them into their products. Firstly, this research assessed the presence of flavour microcapsules on cotton fabric using different padding applications and evaluated them using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). When the OH stretching region between 3700-3000 cm -1 from spectra are examined, we propose some area ratios to quantify the microcapsules presence on the fabric. The ratios proposed show that when the concentration of microcapsules in the padding bath increased their value increased too. Secondly, we analyze the effect that thermal treatment can cause on microcapsules. This was undertake using hot air at 120º C, 140º C and 160º C, or by ironing the fabric impregnated with microcapsules at 110º C, 150º C and 200º C, by ironing 1, 5 and 10 times on the analyzed zone. It was found that when the temperature is higher than 120º C, microcapsules are deflated and damaged. This could be seen using SEM images and checked using FTIR analysis. KEY WORDS Abstract.Firstly, this research assesses the presence of fragrance microcapsules on cotton fabric using different padding applications and evaluates them using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). When the OH stretching region between 3700-3000 cm -1 from spectra are examined, we propose some area ratios to quantify the microcapsules presence on the fabric. The ratios proposed show that when the concentration of microcapsules in the padding bath increases their value increases too. Secondly, we analyze the effect that thermal treatment can have on microcapsules. This was undertaken using hot air at 120º C, 140º C and 160º C, or by ironing the fabric impregnated with microcapsules at 110º C, 150º C and 200º C, and by ironing 1, 5 and 10 times on the analyzed zone. It was found that when the temperature is higher than 120º C, microcapsules are deflated and damaged. This could be seen using SEM images and checked using FTIR analysis.

Bonet Aracil, MA.; Monllorpérez, P.; Capablanca Francés, L.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava Seguí, IJ. (2015). A comparison between padding and bath exhaustion to apply microcapsules onto cotton. Cellulose. 22(3)

WileyGisbert Paya, J.; Ibañez García, F.; Bonet Aracil, MA.; Monllorpérez, P.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava Seguí, IJ. (2009) ABSTRACTSome non-serious skin infections can be treated by hydration and antibacterial control. Microcapsules containing aloe-chitin are often used to treat this kind of problem. Microcapsules were applied to cotton fabrics by padding and sleeves were prepared. A hypoallergenic test was applied to the microcapsule emulsion and hydration of the epidermis was evaluated by capacitance methods. The fabric was sterilized by electron beam treatment to satisfy the antibacterial requisite. The results showed that the aloe is transferred from the fabric to the skin, increasing the level of skin hydration. The electron beam method was also shown to be effective for bacteria and fungi and had no effect on the microcapsule properties. It can therefore be confirmed that electron beam sterilization has no harmful effects on the type of microcapsule used in this study.

In this paper, the possibility of reusing textile effluents for new dyeing baths has been investigated. For this purpose, different trichromies using Direct Red 80, Direct Blue 106, and Direct Yellow 98 on cotton have been used. Effluents have been treated by means of a photo-Fenton process at pH 5. Addition of humic-like substances isolated form urban wastes is necessary in order to prevent iron deactivation because of the formation of non-active iron hydroxides. Laboratory-scale experiments carried out with synthetic effluents show that comparable results were obtained when using as solvent water treated by photo-Fenton with SBO and fresh deionized water. Experiments were scaled up to pilot plant illuminated under sunlight, using in this case a real textile effluent. Decoloration of the effluent could be achieved after moderate irradiation and cotton dyed with this water presented similar characteristics as when deionized water was used.