Brazilian Cerrado, often characterized as the world's breadbasket, has manifested two key elements in its agricultural sector since the late 1960s: The implementation of new production technologies and expansion waves of the production frontier. Nowadays, although well established, these two factors present an environmental dilemma; however, they can also be a possible solution to this problem. Our first essay analyzes the effects of adopting biotechnology by genetically modified seeds on Cerrado crops. The harvested area with GM biotechnology in the Cerrado increased more than 20 times between 2006 and 2017. By stochastic frontier methodology, it was observed that GM seeds expanded Cerrado’s agricultural production in 0.364%. Consolidated production areas on the Cerrado, such as the Midwestern states, had greater gains in technical efficiency. However, the last Brazilian agricultural frontier, Cerrado’s MATOPIBA, showed greater gains in productivity than the consolidated agricultural regions. The second paper examines the intensification of agricultural production, which can reduce deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. Using an output distance function with a technological changing variable, were estimate the marginal gains of converting one hectare of degraded pasture into good and planted pasture. This conversion was based on local productivity, considering local conditions and methods of production. It aims to establish an indicator of gains, thus enabling producers, the public and private agents to evaluate the benefits to production and the environment of pasture recovery. Keywords: Cerrado. Productivity. Technology. Efficiency. Environmental mitigation.
RESUMO A recente concentração no varejo alimentar brasileiro facilita a existência de poder de barganha na compra dos produtos pelas grandes redes varejistas. A situação é agravada no caso dos produtos lácteos devido às recentes evoluções do setor e à organização da cadeia de produção e comercialização. O objetivo do presente trabalho é verificar a existência de poder de barganha por parte da indústria varejista na cadeia de produtos lácteos selecionados para a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. O teste fornecido pelo modelo teórico permite verificar se há um descolamento dos preços dos produtos vendidos no varejo com relação aos preços dos insumos, o que é um bom indicador de poder de barganha por parte dos varejistas. Os resultados concluem que há indícios de poder de barganha na comercialização dos três produtos analisados, leite longa vida, leite tipo B e leite tipo C, o que suscita discussões importantes com relação ao comportamento da indústria de laticínios e à ação pública na análise de fusões e aquisições.
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